BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIES
in alphabetical order

KLAUS DIERKS
Copyright © 2003-2004 Dr. Klaus Dierks

K

000762
Kaapanda, Joel Natangwe
*
---
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Functions: High Commissioner to India - Namibia - 1994-2002
Minister of Regional, Local Government and Housing - Namibia - 2002-

Namibia National Archives Database

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000100
Kadhikwa, Rudolph
*
---
Rudolph Kadhikwa was arrested in the late 1966. He was charged in mid-1967 under the Terrorism Act. He was tried with other Namibians in the Pretoria Terrorism Trial from September 1967 until February 1968. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Collections/Papers:
1). NAN: PRI 3/23 (Prison file)

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000928
Kaempffer, Adolf
* 13.06.1896 at Oberröblingen, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1902
Last departure from Namibia: 1930
---
Adolf Kaempffer was born on 13.06.1896 at Oberröblingen in Germany. He was the second son of Dr. Richard Kaempffer, an ardent German nationalist of the "Alldeutsche" movement. He came to Namibia in 1902 with his parents who bought the farm "Deutsche Erde" on the Fish River from Hendrik Witbooi. He served in the Schutztruppe during World War I. He took over the parents' heavily indebted farm after his father's death in 1919, but could not keep it. He worked in the diamond fields and bought a smallholding in Bethany (1927) where he married in 1929. He returned to Germany in 1930, where he worked for the "Reichskolonialbund" and wrote several colonial novels, all of them set in Namibia. After World War II, he worked at the refugee camp Friedland near Göttingen and as social worker for the Evangelical Church. He lived in retirement at Göttingen.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: WRI
Profession: Writer

Married to: Marie Kaempffer, née Morgenstern, married 1929-
Father: Richard Kaempffer (-1919)
RAW DATA: Namibiana vol.4, no.2 (1984);

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001578
Kahaka
* in Namibia
---
Eldest son of Tjetjo's first wife. Leader of a group of Ovaherero who left Namibia around 1896 to settle in Botswana.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:111, 344;

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001579
Kaharee, Alexander
*
---
Evangelist in Jakalswater in 1906.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1906:29;

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002220
Kahewa-Nawa, Ovaherero (Ovatjimba) Chief

*
+  .1935
---

Chief Kahewa-Nawa was the successor of Ovatjimba Chief Kasupi and ruled from 1923 to 1935. In September 1925 the fluid Kaokoland situation was intensified by an internal power struggle between Chief Kahewa-Nawa and his nephew Weripaka. This resulted in Kahewa-Nawa’s followers seeking support from Chief Tom Vita. Chief Kahewa-Nawa died in 1935. A suitable successor could not be found (Kahewa-Nawa’s brother Karuho and his nephew Weripaka were not very popular amongst their followers). This led to a further weakening of the system of chiefs in the Kaokoveld.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Chief - Ovatjimba - 1923-1935

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001580
Kahikaetaa
*
---
Otjiherero "grootman".
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:114;

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000192
Kahitjene, Oove ua Muhoko, Ovaherero Chief
[Nawatab oove ua Muhoko - Nama name]
* .1790 in Namibia
+ ??.04.1852 in Namibia
---
Oove ua Muhoko Kahitjene was born around 1790. He was a wealthy and powerful Ovaherero Chief in the vicinity of Okahandja. Initially, he was a tributary of Orlam Afrikaner Chief Jonker Afrikaner. In 1842
the Ovaherero chiefs Tjamuaha (born ca. 1790) and Maharero (born 1820) settled in Windhoek on Jonker’s demand. The two Ovaherero groups under their leaders Oove ua Muhoko Kahitjene and Tjamuaha formed an alliance with Jonker Afrikaner (24.12.1842: Christmas Peace 1842). During 1844, Kai||khaun Captain ||Oaseb attacked Oove ua Muhoko Kahitjene without Jonker Afrikaner lifting a finger to help the latter. Kahitjene’s defeat can be directly attributed to his attempts to win independent access to guns, horses and information with assistance of a European missionary, Carl Hugo Hahn. This led finally to his downfall in 1851. In 1846 Kahitjene moved to Okahandja. In January 1849, Kamukamu, brother of Oove ua Muhoko Kahitjene, was killed by Jonker Afrikaner when the Orlam Afrikaners, returning from a raid on Walvis Bay, decided to plunder Ovaherero villages. In 1850, he launched an unsuccessful attack on Jonker. After that, he felt insecure at Okahandja and decided to move to Hahn's station at Otjikango, but as his people were about to leave on 23.08.1850, they were attacked by Jonker and virtually annihilated. On 12.03.1851 Francis Galton offered to arrange for a peace treaty between the Ovaherero communities of Oove ua Muhoko Kahitjene, one of Jonker’s former allies, and Chief John Samuel Aron Mungunda from Otjombuindja in the Ozongoto area, but Kahitjene declined the offer. In a subsequent skirmish between Mungunda’s sons and Kahitjene, the latter was killed in April 1852. The Ovaherero decided that the Mungunda community should settle together with Tjamuaha’s son, Maharero (or Kamaharero). Kahitjene’s downfall can be directly attributed to his attempts to win access to arms with assistance of missionary Hahn.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Lau 1985: V1262; Metzkes 1862: 14; Otto-Reiner; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001581
Kaiser
* in Germany
---
Bezirksamtmann of Omaruru in 1896.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ADM

RAW DATA: Hubatsch;

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000929
Kaiser, Ulrich Joachim
* 25.03.1911 at Windhoek
---
Ulrich Joachim Kaiser was born on 25.03.1911 at Windhoek. He was educated at the Realgymnasium Königsberg in East Prussia (then Germany, now Russian Federation). He was a farmer at Waltershagen in the Otjiwarongo District.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR
Profession: Farmer

Married to: Elfriede Ilse Kaiser, née Ramm, married 1935-
Father: Georg Albert Ferdinand Kaiser
RAW DATA: WWSA A1959;

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000930
Kalangula, Peter Tanyengange
* .1926
---
Peter Tanyengange Kalangula was born in 1926 in Ovamboland. He obtained his Matric in 1947. He worked as a teacher and civil servant. He studied theology in South Africa and was ordained as an Anglican priest in 1970. The South African administration attempted to "build" him systematically as a Bantustan leader and "alternative" to SWAPO. He initiated a breakaway Anglican Church in Ovamboland in 1971. 1973 he was appointed to the Ovambo Legislative Assembly. He was a co-founder of the DTA in 1977. He became DTA President and Chief Minister of the Ovambo Executive in 1980. On 15.02.1982, he resigned from the DTA and formed a new party, the Christian Democratic Action for Social Justice (CDA). His party failed completely in the 1989 independence elections. Thereafter he retired from politics.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL POL
Profession: Clergy Politician

Namibia National Archives Database

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000931
Kalis, John Lourens
* 12.08.1913 at Kalk Bay, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1935
---
John Lourens Kalis was born on 12.08.1913 at Kalk Bay in South Africa. He was educated at Worcester in South Africa. He came to Namibia in 1935. He participated in the Second World War between 1940 and 1945. He was a Manager of Hepworths Ltd. in Namibia.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Businessman

Married to: Theunissina Wilhelmina Kalis, née Ströh, married 1942-
Father: William Ferdinand Kalis
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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001106
Kalle, Christiane
* in Germany
---
Chief Representative of the German development agency GTZ in Namibia from September 2002.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: ADM

Namibia National Archives Database

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000932
Kalweit, Fritz Martin Wilhelm Ernst
* 11.07.1887 at Königsberg in East Prussia, then Germany (now Russian Federation)
First entry to Namibia: February 1913
---
Fritz Martin Wilhelm Ernst Kalweit was born on 11.07.1887 at Königsberg in Germany (now Russian Federation). He was educated at Königsberg and the Navigationsschule Hamburg. He obtained an Offizierspatent der Deutschen Handelsmarine. He came to Namibia in February 1913. He was a cattle and karakul farmer at Daweb Süd and Chairman of the National Party Keetmanshoop. He was the Mayor of Keetmanshoop from 1934 until 1940.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR
Profession: Farmer Naval officer
Functions: Mayor - Keetmanshoop - 1934-1940

Married to: Charlotte Anna Frieda Kalweit, née Bleicher, married 1919-
Father: Julius Kalweit
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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001582
Kamatoto, Daniel
*
---
Evangelist in Grootfontein, 1906-1907.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1906:28, 1907:36;

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001583
Kamatoto, Josaphat
*
---
Evangelist in Otjizeva until 1902.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1902:23;

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000193
Kambararapeke
*
+ 30.07.1857 at Ondonga
---
Kambararapeke was a servant and cook in the employ of the Rhenish Missionary Johannes Rath. He was a member of the party that accompanied Carl Hugo Hahn to Ovamboland in 1857, and was killed when that party was attacked by Ondonga King Nangolo's people on 30.07.1857 near Ondonga.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Lau 1985:IV982+IV1061;

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001584
Kambatta
[Kambata - alternative spelling]
*
---
Kambatta was a Ovaherero "grootman". He was fighting on the side of the ||Khau-|gôan (Swartboois) in the Swartbooi War of 1897/98 against the Germans in the Grootberg area.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:125, 140;

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001585
Kambazembi wa Kangombe, Ovaherero Chief
*
+ 09.1903 at Waterberg
---
Kambazembi wa Kangombe
(Kangombe was Kambazembi’s father) was the Ovaherero Chief of Otjozondjupa (Waterberg) from ca. 1860 until September 1903. On 21.06.1874, in the presence of Frederick Joseph Green, Maharero (Kamaharero), together with Chief Therawa from Omaruru and Chief Kambazembi wa Kangombe from Otjozondjupa, requested Henred Barkly as British High Commissioner in the Cape Colony to prevent a group of Transvaal Boers (Hendrik van Zyl) from settling in Damaraland. This led the Cape authorities to find a Special Commissioner for Damaraland. William Coates Palgrave was consequently duly appointed. However, when the Ovaherero chiefs and Palgrave hold the Main Conference of Okahandja in September 1876, in order to resolve the problems in Hereroland, Kambazembi did not attend. Kambazembi was defiant towards the German colonial take-over of the territory: During August/September 1892 an attorney from Hamburg (Germany), Julius Scharlach, obtained the "Damaraland Concession", thus breaking the monopoly of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft für SWA (DKGSWA). Cecil Rhodes soon dominated the new South West Africa Company (SWAC), which held the sole right to operate railway lines between Sandwich Harbour and the Kunene River mouth as well as to exploit the copper deposits of the Otavi Mountains. Matthew Rogers investigated the mining potential of the Tsumeb Mine. The accompanying German officials Gustav Duft and Von Bülow were stopped on order of the brother of the Ovaherero Chief Kambazembi wa Kangombe of the Waterberg while the British were allowed to proceed. In April 1894 Chief Kambazembi attempted to reconcile Nikodemus Kavikunua and Chief Riarua with Samuel Maharero. He was, however, not successful. In September 1903, Kambazembi wa Kangombe died at the Waterberg and was buried there. His successors were his sons David Kaonjonga Kambazembi, who became Chief of the Waterberg, and Salatiel Kambazembi, who became Chief of the remaining Kambazembi areas.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:106, 111; DSAB III; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia_Otjozondjupa.Waterberg.Kambazembi_1.jpg (132944 bytes)Namibia_Otjozondjupa.Waterberg.Kambazembi_2.jpg (129249 bytes)Namibia_Otjozondjupa.Waterberg.Kambazembi_3.jpg (102477 bytes)
Copyright of Photos: Dr. Klaus Dierks (Grave of Chief Kambazembi wa Kangombe at the Waterberg)

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002201
Kambazembi, David Kaonjonga, Ovaherero Chief
*
+
---
David Kaonjonga Kambazembi (1903-1904) was the son of Kambazembi wa Kangombe (ca. 1860-1903). Kambazembi wa Kangombe's successors at his death in September 1903 were his two sons David Kaonjonga Kambazembi, who became Chief of the Waterberg, and Salatiel Kambazembi, who became Chief of the remaining Kambazembi areas. David took part in the German Ovaherero War 1904. On the days before the 12.01.1904, there were many rumours amongst German settlers and soldiers of a possible Ovaherero uprising which added to the outbreak of the war, although there were no signs about any envisaged Ovaherero insurrection in early January. On 06.01.1904, Kurt Streitwolf reported on a meeting with Traugott Tjetjo in the Gobabis district. Streitwolf informed that he did not believe that war was imminent. At the Waterberg, Sergeant G. Rademacher and missionary Wilhelm Eich reacted to reports by Mrs. Sonnenberg, whose husband, trader G. Sonnenberg, had held discussions with Chief David Kambazembi on the growing indebtedness of the Ovaherero. Rademacher and Eich reported that war was unlikely, especially that Kambazembi was preparing for a visit of Chief Ouandja at Otjikururume. When the war had started on 12.01.1904, the Waterberg military station was conquered by the Ovaherero under the command of Kambazembi. All soldiers under the command of Sergeant G. Rademacher were killed (14.01.1904). However, on the other hand, Samuel Maharero allowed missionary Eich with his small party of German women and children safe passage from Waterberg to Okahandja (date of arrival: 09.04.). Headmen such as Michael Tyiseseta, Ouandja, Assa Riarua and David Kambazembi agreed to the safe passage. After the Waterberg Battle in August 1904, the surviving Ovaherero assembled at Okahandja North between the Omatako omuramba and the Eiseb omuramba. They fled further via Otjinene, Epata, Osombo-Windimbe (Ozombo ja Windimba) and Erindi-Ombahe, following the course of the Eiseb omuramba. Zacharias Zeraua from Otjimbingwe reported later that the chiefs Samuel Maharero from Okahandja, Banjo from Otjombonde, David and Salatiel Kambazembi from Waterberg, Ouandja from Otjikururume, Kayata from Otjihaenena, Michael Tyiseseta from Omaruru, Katjahingi and Assa Riarua had all assembled at Osombo Onjatu at the Eiseb omuramba.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001368
Kambazembi, Josephat, Ovaherero Chief
*
+ .1960 at Otjozondjupa
---
Josephat Kambazembi (1941-1960) was the son of Salatiel Kambazembi (1903-1941). He remained the Ovaherero Chief at the Waterberg from 1941 until 1960 when he died. His indirect successor was Ombara Tuhavi David Kambazembi (1989-).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002202
Kambazembi, Salatiel, Ovaherero Chief
*
+ .1941 at Otjozondjupa
---
Salatiel Kambazembi (1903-1941) was the son of Kambazembi wa Kangombe (ca. 1860-1903). Kambazembi wa Kangombe's successors at hi death in September 1903 were his two sons David Kaonjonga Kambazembi, who became Chief of the Waterberg, and Salatiel Kambazembi, who became Chief of the remaining Kambazembi areas. Salatiel took part in the German Ovaherero War 1904. After the Waterberg Battle in August 1904, the surviving Ovaherero assembled at Okahandja North between the Omatako omuramba and the Eiseb omuramba. They fled further via Otjinene, Epata, Osombo-Windimbe (Ozombo ja Windimba) and Erindi-Ombahe, following the course of the Eiseb omuramba. Zacharias Zeraua from Otjimbingwe reported later that the chiefs Samuel Maharero from Okahandja, Banjo from Otjombonde, David and Salatiel Kambazembi from Waterberg, Ouandja from Otjikururume, Kayata from Otjihaenena, Michael Tyiseseta from Omaruru, Katjahingi and Assa Riarua had all assembled at Osombo Onjatu at the Eiseb omuramba. On 08.12.1904 it was reported that Chief Michael Tyiseseta and nine followers escaped the Germans and Michael handed himself over to the British authorities in the Walvis Bay enclave. Between 800 and 1 000 Ovaherero made their way to Walvis Bay and approximately 1 175 to British Bechuanaland. Some Ovaherero including Haingombe, Wilhelm Katjisume, Thomas Mutate and Martin Kazerewi escaped into Angola, where they joined Vita Tom. Later the Okahandja Ovaherero preferred the leadership of Salatiel Kambazembi who temporarily also had joined Vita. In 1923 it was reported that, following the funeral of Samuel Maharero in August 1923, Frederick Maharero, the oldest son of Samuel, appealed to the SWA Administration to be permitted to stay in SWA. His appeal was backed by Salatiel Kambazembi (who returned to SWA around 1920), Hosea Kutako, Traugott Maharero, Alfred Maharero, Joel Kasetura, Asser Kamusuvise, Silphanus Mungunda and Wilfried Kazondonga. He remained the Ovaherero Chief at the Waterberg until 1941 when he died. His successor was Josephat Kambazembi (1941-1960).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002204
Kambazembi, Tuhavi David, Ombara, Ovaherero Chief
* at Okakarara
+
---
Ombara (traditional title) Tuhavi David Kambazembi (17.07.1989-) is the current Ovaherero Chief at the Waterberg in Okakarara (Kambazembi Royal House).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001586
Kambonde kaMpingana, Ovamboland (Ondonga West) King
*
+ 22.06.1909 in Ovamboland
---
When the ninth Ondonga King Iitana
yaNekwiyu died on 26.09.1884, he was succeeded by two Ondonga kings: King Kambonde kaMpingana (1884-1909) with the capital Onamayongo (or Okaloko according to other oral evidence)(western Ondonga) and King Nehale (1884-1908) with the capital Onayena in the Oshitambi area (eastern Ondonga). The Finnish Missionary Society supported King Kambonde against King Nehale with weapons and ammunition because King Nehale was perceived to be an "enemy of the European mission work in Africa". On 21.04.1885, William Worthington Jordan bought 50 000 km2 of land from King Kambonde. Jordan called this area "Republic Upingtonia" and a group of Dorsland-Trekkers from Angola settled there – in the area of Otavi and Otjiwanda (Oshiwambo: Oshaandashongwe; Khoekhoegowab: Kai|aub)(present-day Grootfontein) which included the copper mines at Tsumeb. This deal increased the tensions between the two kings Kambonde and Nehale. Jordan was murdered in 1886 in Ondonga and the Republic Upingtonia was dissolved (June 1887). In 1895 King Kambonde kaMpingana (1884-1909) sent a message, assisted by Finnish missionary Martti Rautanen, to this effect: "[I] hope to never see the German Governor in [my] life because the Germans are coming to rule." At the end of 1895 Kambonde reported that a number of Ovaherero had come to see him, complaining that Samuel Maharero had become the servant of Theodor Leutwein. During October 1900 Erich Victor Carl August Franke visited the Ovamboland Kings Kambonde kaMpingana of the Ondonga area and Ueyulu ya Hedimbi of the Uukwanyama area. Uukwambi King Negumbo refused to allow Franke to visit his territory and threatened the Germans with war. Franke reported about growing native resistance against the activities of the Finnish missionaries. During the German Ovaherero War 1904-1908 Samuel Maharero tried in vain to draw the Ovambo into the war. According to Finnish missionary Albin Savola, an Ovaherero messenger requested King Kambonde kaMpingana to help the Ovaherero against the Germans. But the Finnish missionaries counselled the Ovambo to remain neutral, and in only one instance – King Nehale’s attack on Namutoni in January 1904– did they side with the Ovaherero. In January 1905 the Finnish missionary Martti Rautanen persuaded King Kambonde kaMpingana not to support King Nehale, who under Ovaherero influence was ready to rise against the Germans again. In May/June 1908 Erich Victor Carl August Franke visited again the Ovamboland Kings Kambonde kaMpingana of the Ondonga area and Ueyulu ya Hedimbi of the Uukwanyama area. He also visited the Uukwambi, Uukwalhuudi and Ongandjera areas. Franke concluded protection treaties with all the kings of these areas, with assistance of the missionaries Martti Rautanen and August Wulfhorst. These treaties brought Ovamboland formally under German protection, but in practice the kingdoms still continued to function as independent units. On 22.06.1909 King Kambonde died. His successor was the 11th King Kambonde kaNgula (1909-1912).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002233
Kambonde kaNamene, Ovamboland (Ondonga) King
*
+ .1960 in Namibia
---
The 13th Ondonga King Kambonde kaNamene ruled from 1942 until 1960. His royal court was at Okaloko. The powerful Ondonga "Queen mother", Mutaleni kaMpingana, played an important role in the succession. Kambonde died in 1960. He was followed by the 14th Ondonga King Martin (Ambala) Ashikoto (1960-1967).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002229
Kambonde kaNankwaya, Ovamboland (Ondonga) King
*
+ .1883 in Namibia
---
Kambonde ka Nankwaya was the eighth Ondonga King and followed his nephew Shikongo sha Kalulu (1859-1874) in 1874. He ruled from 1874 until 1883 when he died.
He established his capital at Onamumgondu. His successor was the ninth Ondonga King Iitana yaNekwiyu (1883-1884).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002231
Kambonde kaNgula, Ovamboland (Ondonga) King
*
+ .1912 in Namibia
---
Kambonde kaNgula (1909-1912) was the eleventh Ondonga King
. He was followed by the 12th Ondonga King Martin Nambala yaKadhikwa (1912-1942).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002293
Kambungu kaMuheya, Ovamboland (Uukwanyama) King
*
 
+ around 1600
---
The first Uukwanyama King on record was King Kambungu kaMuheya (together with King Mushindi uaKanene in the first line of the Uukwanyama genealogy). He ruled around 1600. The first seven Uukwanyama kings cannot be precisely dated. His successor was Uukwanyama King Mushindi uaKanene.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000276
Kameeta, Zephania, Dr.
* 07.08.1945 at Otjimbingwe
---
Zephania Kameeta was born on 07.08.1945 at Otjimbingwe. He was educated at the Rhenish Mission School at Karibib, thereafter the Paulinum at Otjimbingwe. He was ordained as a pastor of the
Evangeliese Lutherse Kerk in Suidwes-Afrika (Rynse Sendingkerk)(ELKSWA) in 1972. Since 1977 he is a member of the Central Committee of SWAPO. He taught and served as principal at the Paulinum. He was pastor at Lüderitz from 1978 until 1981 and Vice-Bishop of ELKSWA from 1982 to 1989. He was an active supporter of SWAPO. He was arrested and put by the South Africans into prison. At an other occasion, a passport in order to attend an international conference, was refused by the SA authorities. After independence, he was elected to the Constituent assembly (1989/90) and the first and second Parliament of the Republic of Namibia, where he served as Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly. He resigned from Parliament in 2000 and served again as pastor at Maltahöhe. In 2000, he was elected as a Moderator of the United Evangelical Mission. He was ordained as Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia (ELCRN) on 20.01.2002.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL POL
Profession: Church minister
Functions: Member - SWAPO Central Committee - 1977-
Member - National Assembly of Namibia - 1990-2000
Deputy Speaker - National Assembly of Namibia - 1990-2000
Moderator - United Evangelical Mission - 2000-
Vice-Bishop - Evangelical Lutheran Church in South West Africa - 1982-1988
Bishop - Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia - 2002-

Namibia National Archives Database

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000194
Kameno
*
---
Son of Ondonga King Nangolo dAmutenya (ca. 1820-1857).
---
Gender: m

Father: Nangolo dAmutenya

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002265
Kamongwa, Ovamboland (
Uukwaluudhi) King
*
 
+
---
The third Uukwaluudhi King on record was King Kamongwa. He followed King Nakakwiila. He ruled before 1850. The first seven Uukwaluudhi kings cannot be dated. His successor was the fourth Uukwaluudhi King Natshilongo shIikombo.     
---

Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000195
Kämpfer, Friedrich
* 16.09.1830 at Barmen, Germany
+ 14.07.1908 at Tannenhof, Germany
---
Friedrich Kämpfer was born on 16.09.1830 at Barmen in Germany. He was a merchant who was appointed as secretary responsible for the  business affairs of the Rhenish Missionary Society on 02.01.1862 and held this post until 1903, when he retired. He has never been to Namibia. He died on 14.07.1908 at Tannenhof in Germany.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Kriele 1928:238; Menzel 1978:188; Vergissmeinnicht 1893:110; v.Rohden 1988:99;

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000196
Kamukamu
*
+ ??.01.1849
---
Kamukamu was the half-brother of Kahitjene oove ua Muhoko. He was killed by Jonker Afrikaner and his commando in January 1849, who had ridden to Walvis Bay to salvage the cargo of a ship said to have run aground there, but, disappointed in their attempt, decided to plunder Ovaherero villages on their return journey. This later resulted in several clashes between Kahitjene and Jonker.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Vedder 1985:229;

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000197
Kamuzandu
*
+ .1869
---
Kamuzandu was an Omuherero from Otjikango who became the first to attend Carl Hugo Hahn's catechism classes. He accompanied Hahn on his journeys and also assisted him in linguistic work. Amongst others, Hahn was able to complete the translation of the first three chapters of the Lutheran Catechism into Otjiherero with his help. He died in 1869.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Irle 1906:234-235; Vedder 1985:275; Heese s.d.:154;

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000360
Kamwanga, Sebastian

[Hompa, traditional title]
* at Shankara
+ 22.01.1999
---
Gciriku King Kamwanga was born at Shankara. He was a teacher and church catechist. He was the fifth in the recorded genealogy of the Gciriku kings. He was nominated to represent the Gciriku in the Kavango Legislative Council; later became Chairman of the Executive Council of the Kavango Bantustan Government, and was crowned as Hompa of the Gciriku in 1985 until 1999 when he died on 22.01.1999. He was succeeded by Hompa Kassian Shiyambi (1999-).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Functions: Hompa - Gciriku Community - 1985-1999


RAW DATA: An obituary in New Era of 5-7 Feb.1999 gives his birth date as 01 April 1943, which is obviously wrong (possibly 1934?); Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001029
Kandanga-Hilukilwa, Gertrud Rikumbi
* 01.01.1937 at Ombujekuna Mongombe ja Mbatera, Omaruru District
+ 20.12.2002 near Kamanjab
---
Gertrud Rikumbi Kandanga-Hilukilwa was born on 01.01.1937 at Ombujekuna Mongombe ja Mbatera in the Omaruru District. She was one of the first women to join the Ovamboland People's Organisation (OPO) in 1959. She was one of the founding members of SWAPO, and remained a SWAPO activist throughout her life. She was frequently arrested, and put under house arrest in Walvis Bay in the early 1980s. She went into exile in 1984 to attend the Lusaka talks. She was a Member of the SWAPO Central Committee since 1984. She returned to Namibia in 1989, and served as SWAPO Deputy Head of Voter Registration. She was a Member of the SWAPO Politburo from 1990 until 1994. She was a Member of the National Assembly from 1990 until 2000. She also was a Member of the SWAPO Elders Council, and SWAPO Women's Council, and chairperson of the SWAPO Party Veteran Trust Fund. She died in a car accident on 20.12.2002 near Kamanjab, and was buried on 18.01.2003 at the Heroe's Acre in Windhoek.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: POL

Married to: Josua Hilukilwa
RAW DATA: The Namibian 06.01.2003; New Era 06-09.01.2003 + 13-16.01.2003;

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001587
Kandirikirira, Elia
* in Namibia
---
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL

Namibia National Archives Database

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002093
Kandjimi, Hawanga, Uukwangali King

[Hompa, traditional title]
*

+ .1924 at Grootfontein
---
In the Kavango, Uukwangali King Himarua died in 1910 and was succeeded by Hompa Kandjimi Hawanga who ruled the Uukwangali area until his death in 1924. He was the eleventh in the recorded genealogy of the Uukwangali kings. Kandjimi was originating from the Uukwambi area in the western Ovamboland. Himarua was followed by King Mbuna who ruled until 1926.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002203
Kangombe, Ovaherero Chief
*
+
---
Ovaherero Chief Kangombe (before 1860) was the father of Kambazembi wa Kangombe
(ca. 1860-1903).
.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002095
Kanuni, Uukwangali Queen

[Hompa, traditional title]
*

+ .1971
---
In the Kavango, Uukwangali King Mbuna died in 1926 and was succeeded by Queen Kanuni who ruled the Uukwangali area until 1941 when she was deposed by the South African Native Commissioner, Harold Eedes and sent into exile to Angola. She was the thirteenth in the recorded genealogy of the Uukwangali kings and queens. Eedes appointed Hompa Sivute to rule the Uukwangali area until his death in 1958. During Kanuni's reign the Uukwangali area was opened to Christian missionaries. The Roman Catholic mission station Tondoro was established in 1926. 1958 Queen Kanuni returned to Namibia and ruled until her death in 1971. She was followed by King Mbandu who ruled until 1977.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000101
Kanyele, Matheus Elia
*
---
Matheus Elia Kanyele was charged in June 1967 under the Terrorism Act. He was tried with other Namibians in the Pretoria Terrorism Trial from September 1967 until February 1968. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: PO


Namibia National Archives Database

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002084
Kapango, Mbunza Queen


*
+ around 1750
---
In the Kavango, Kapango was the sister of the Uukwangali Queen Mate I. She ruled around 1750 and settled in the Mbunza area of the Kavango. This resulted in the establishment of the two kingdoms in the western Kavango, the Uukwangali Kingdom and the Mbunza Kingdom.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000102
Kapewasha, Martin Mwula
*
---
Martin Mwula Kapewasha was Chairman of the SWAPO Youth League. He was arrested in August 1973 under the Sabotage Act. He was tried in Swakopmund in November 1973 with inciting others to violence. He was sentenced to eight years imprisonment on Robben Island. He was a Member of the National Council since 1992 and became Deputy Minister of Youth and Sport in March 1995. On 03.04.1996 he was transferred as Deputy Minister to the Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. Two years later he was appointed as Namibia's Ambassador to the Russian Federation in Moscow.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Collections/Papers:
1). NAN: PRI 3/19 (Prison file)

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000264
Kapuuo, Clemence, Ovaherero Chief

[Kapuuo, Clemens - alternative name]
* 16.03.1923 at Teufelsbach near Okahandja
+ 27.03.1978 at Windhoek
---
Clemence Kapuuo was born on 16.03.1923 on the farm Teufelsbach near Okahandja. He was educated at the St. Barnabas School, Windhoek. After this he was trained as a teacher in Johannesburg. In November 1946,
the African Improvement Society (AIS) was founded as a kind of secretariat for the Herero Chiefs’ Council by students and teachers such as Clemence Kapuuo. Its functions were mainly cultural and educational. It soon began to compete in importance with the semi-official Bantu Welfare Club (founded at the beginning of the 1930s; "black" committee members 1937: AE Mogale, AS Mungunda, AS Shipena) operating in the "Old Location" in Windhoek. Prominent members were Bartholomeus Gerhardt Karuaera (President), Berthold Himumuine (Secretary), Clemence Kapuuo and David Meroro. Himumuine was the first Namibian "black" to obtain the "Matric". During 1949 Sam Nujoma moved to Windhoek to join his uncle Hiskia Kondombolo. With assistance from Aaron Hamutenya, father of Hidipo Hamutenya, Nujoma learned English at the St. Barnabas Night School. The school’s director was Berthold Himumuine, the real force behind Hosea Kutako. Nujoma became aware of the United Nations through Hosea Kutako. He met Hosea with help of Gabriel Mbuende, father of Kaire Mbuende, and Clemence Kapuuo. From 1950-1953 Kapuuo was the President of the South West Africa Coloured Teachers Association. He became a Member of the Herero Chiefs Council. He was instrumental in organising the first petitions to the United Nations. In May 1959 the formation of the South West African National Union (SWANU) was envisaged: the Herero Chiefs’ Council, SWAPA and the SWASB, as well as Sam Nujoma and Jacob Kuhangua, were instrumental in its formation. Clemence Kapuuo proposed the name "SWANU", but he did not hold a function in the party. Chiefs such as Hosea Kutako later did not succeed in gaining control of this mass-based organisation. On 20.08.1959 SWANU was unofficially founded. The first elections for the executive office of the party led to a power struggle for positions. Clemence Kapuuo and Levy Nganjone represented the "traditionalist" wing. In September 1959 the Ovamboland People's Organisation (OPO) joined SWANU (but continued to operate as an independent party). An alliance of the OPO, SWANU and the traditional headmen and chieftains of the Ovaherero, Nama and Dama organised a mass campaign against a re-settlement programme that envisaged destroying the "Old Location" (30 000 inhabitants) west of Windhoek’s town centre, and building the townships of Katutura (Otjiherero: "the place where people do not live") and Khomasdal. Protest models were the "Defiance Campaign" of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa, and Ghandi’s non-violent "satyagraha". Some external leaders such as Kozonguizi and Kerina wrote letters to local political leaders such as Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo, Sam Nujoma, John Muundjua, Barney Mbuha and Clemence Kapuuo, in which they provided political advice and expressed hope for self-determination under the auspices of the UN. Kapuuo was a witness of the "Old Location Uprising" of December 1959. As from 1960 he served as Secretary for Hosea Kutako and Deputy Chief, due to Kutako's age. Clemence Kapuuo was as Deputy Chief elected despite strong opposition from SWANU and the Ovambanderu (Mbanderu Council). In the same year he assisted Sam Nujoma to go into exile. In 1964 Clemence Kapuuo rejected the Odendaal Plan. On 25.09.1964 Clemence Kapuuo, Mburumba Kerina and Hosea Kutako established the traditionalist National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO). Kapuuo from the NUDO and Fritz Gariseb from the DEC opposed the South African Apartheid policy but advocated a federal type of government based on the old tribal regions. SWAPO (Nujoma) and SWANU (Kozonguizi) favoured a non-racial democracy based on universal franchise and on the ideology of Pan-Africanism. Clemence Kapuuo succeeded Hosea Kutako as Chief of the Ovaherero on 20 July 1970. Consequently the Association for the Preservation of the Tjamuaha-Maharero Royal House was founded by Jephta Maharero to dispute the legitimacy of Hosea Kutako’s successor, Kapuuo.  On 13.11.1971 the National Convention (NC), also known as the National Convention of Freedom Parties of Namibia (NCFP)(and from 1975 as the Namibia National Convention (NNC)) was formed as a "united front" of liberation forces. SWAPO under Meroro, NUDO under Kapuuo and the Rehoboth Volksparty under Diergaardt participated. On 13.02.1972 the National Convention (NC) was further strengthened during a meeting in Rehoboth attended by parties like SWAUNIO, the Voice of the People Party, SWANU under Gerson Hitjevi Veii, NAPDO and the Association for the Preservation of the Tjamuaha-Maharero Royal House. The NC appointed Clemence Kapuuo as Chairman and Veii as Secretary. Other parties, including DEMCOP, the Herero Chiefs’ Council, the Nama Chiefs’ Council and the Damara Tribal Executive Committee (DTEC) later joined the NC. The NC later refused to participate in the South African Advisory Council for South West Africa (the constitutional predecessor of the Turnhalle Conference of 1975). On 01.03.1973 South Africa established the Multi-National Advisory Council for SWA. The Advisory Council, excluding SWAPO, SWANU and the National Convention, met three times. Kapuuo rejected it because of its "ethnic" foundation. In November 1973 Clemence Kapuuo of NUDO tried to obtain UN recognition for the National Convention. He was supported by David Hoveka Meroro of SWAPO and Gerson Hitjevi Veii of SWANU, but was unsuccessful in his effort. In July 1975 the SA Minister of Bantu Administration and Development, M.C. Botha, in an attempt to curb the dissension among different Ovaherero factions, and after intense lobbying on the part of Clemence Kapuuo, informed the Ovaherero at Okakarara that they can stay in Aminuis, and that the Aminuis Ovaherero would not be relocated to the Rietfontein Block in Hereroland East. A "homeland" for the Tswana ("Tswanaland") in parts of Aminuis, was originally planned in accordance with the Odendaal Plan. Botha thus dismembered the Odendaal Plan by eliminating Tswanaland as one of its proposed ethnic "homelands". This move was one of the reasons that Kapuuo joined later the Turnhalle Conference. The Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, plans for which had already been announced in November 1974, was constituted along ethnic lines on 01.09.1975. SWAPO was excluded, and during its inauguration held demonstrations under the leadership of Danny Tjongarero to protest this SA-initiated conference. The conference was preceded by a wave of arrests of "black" opposition leaders, notably from SWAPO and the NNC. Clemence Kapuuo’s participation in the Turnhalle Conference constituted an effort to improve the situation of the Ovaherero. On 05.11.1977 the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) was founded, with Ovaherero Chief Clemence Kapuuo as its first President and Dirk Mudge its Chairman. The NUDO (Clemence Kapuuo), the RBA (Ben Africa), the LP (Andrew Kloppers), the RP (Dirk Mudge), SWAPDUF (Engelhardt Christy), the Nama Alliance (Daniël Luipert) and the NDP (Cornelius Ndjoba) joined the DTA as member parties. On 27.03.1978 Clemence Kapuuo was, in the presence of Gerson Hoveka from the Epukiro Reserve, and other friends, assassinated in Katutura/Windhoek. Clashes between Ovambo and Ovaherero followed in Katutura and Okakarara. Quickly the South African Administration accused SWAPO of the murder, although nobody was ever formally charged with the killing. The killing was never clarified. If the question is asked who benefitted from the murder, the scenario becomes clearer. The SWAPO activist Axel Johannes was charged by the South African security forces with the murder, tortured and mock executed, although he could prove that he was not in Windhoek during the incident. The killing, and the accusation which was levelled against SWAPO, was used to justify the crackdown by the South African Defence Forces on SWAPO followers inside Namibia and on SWAPO bases outside Namibia, thus efficiently and effectively derailing the United Nations peace process in 1978. Finally it led to the fall of the Vorster government and the advent of P.W. Botha’s government of his "securocrats". Kapuuo's successor was Kuaima Riruako (1978-).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader Politician

RAW DATA: Dickie/Rake 1973; Drechsler 1966:286-287; South African Panorama Mai 1978:13; SWA Annual 1979:32-35; Afrika-Post 1980, July, 220-221; Afrika-Post 1978, Mai, 130-132; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia_Otjozondjupa_Okahandja_Kapuuo_1.JPG (287384 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks

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001588
Kariko, Daniel, Ovaherero Chief
* in Namibia
---
Daniel Kariko (ca. 1890-1896) was the Ovaherero Chief of Okombahe. On 30.11.1894,
the Dama leader Cornelius ||Goreseb was installed by Theodor Leutwein as the first paramount chief of the Dama (Berg Damara) in Okombahe in order to weaken the Ovaherero position of Manasse Tyiseseta of Omaruru. The Ovaherero leader at Okombahe, Daniel Kariko, was simultaneously deposed from his position as chief. Later differences between Kariko and Manasse were exploited by Leutwein and led to the complete downfall of Kariko in 1896. On 26.06.1896 Kariko was arrested, found guilty of high treason and sentenced to jail. Due to Manasse Tyiseseta's intervention, his life was spared and he was later banished to Erahui. In 1897 he escaped to Walvis Bay. Kariko participated in the German Ovaherero War of 1904. After the Waterberg Battle in August 1904, Daniel Kariko, the former group leader from Okombahe, fled to the Ongandjera King, Tshaanika Tsha Natshilongo after first escaping to Walvis Bay. Later he moved to South Africa. After the end of German colonial rule in Word War One, Kariko returned to Central Namibia in 1915. On 18.04.1917, Daniel Kariko applied for an Ovaherero reserve at Otjohorongo. The request was supported by the surviving Ovaherero chiefs from Omaruru, Moses Mbandjo and Christof Katjimune as well as Gerhard Zeraua. This was granted by the magistrate for Omaruru, Major Thomas Leslie O’Reilly. Mr. Dixon became Superintendent of the reserve in 1918, with Katjimune as the appointed reserve leader.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:155, 167, 199, 356; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001589
Kariko, Johannes
*
---
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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001590
Kariko, Samuel
*
---
Samuel Kariko was a schoolmaster, during 1905 at Lüderitzbucht, later at Usakos, 1907 again at Lüderitzbucht.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1905:27; JBRMG 1907:22;

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001591
Kariko, Zebulon Daniël
[Kariko, Zorrow - colloquial name]
*
---
Zebulon Daniël Kariko was an Ovaherero journalist who worked i.a. for the South African propaganda paper "Die Taak". Since 1978 he was the media officer at the SADF command in Namibia, the first "black" SADF officer in Namibia.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL JOU
Profession: Journalist Military officer

RAW DATA: Afrika-Post Mai 1980;

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001722
Karow, Maria
* .1879 at Siedkow, Germany
+ .1949 at Berlin, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1905
Last departure from Namibia: 1909
---
Maria Karow born in 1879 at Siedkow in Germany. She worked from 1905 until 1909 on the farm of her sister (married Mercker) in Okombahe. After her return to Germany 1909, she wrote a book "Wo sonst der Fuss des Kriegers trat" about her experiences. In Germany, she was active for the colonial movement as a member of the "Kolonialer Frauenbund" and with many slide show lectures all over Germany.
She died 1949 in Berlin.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Walter Trapp, married 1927-
RAW DATA: AHK 1975:99-101;

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000944
Kaschik, Ernst Guenter Erich
*  16.01.1932 in Germany

+  at Windhoek
---
Ernst Guenter Erich Kaschik was born on 16.01.1932. He was the Manager of SWA Buildings Society, Director of various finance and hotel companies. He was Windhoek City Councillor since 1967 and Mayor of Windhoek from 1974 to 1976. He was President of the "Windhoek Karneval".
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Businessman
Functions: Mayor - Windhoek - 1974-1976

Married to: Ursula Kaschik, née Roll
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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000103
Kashikola, Kambua
*
---
Kambua Kashikola was charged in June 1967 under the Terrorism Act. He was tried with other Namibians in the Pretoria Terrorism Trial from September 1967 until February 1968. The sentence is unknown.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Namibia National Archives Database

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002065
Kasimana, Mbukushu King
*

+ before 1850
---
In the Kavango, one of the earliest known Mbukushu Kings was Kasimana. He was the fourth in the recorded genealogy of the Mbukushu kings. He succeeded King Sihurera. No life dates could be traced so far. His successor was King Mashambo (before 1850).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002187
Kasupi, Ovaherero Chief

*
+
---

Setting out from the Kaokoveld, Ovaherero leader Mutjise, son of Mbunga, son of Tjituka, son of Kasupi, son of Vatje, son of Kengeza of the oruzo orwohorongo (community or clan, also religious group from the father’s side, while eanda is a socio-economic group to which the mother belongs), moved to Okahandja (probably after 1785). Chief Kasupi was the great grandfather of Mutjise, thus the first to settle at Okahandja. Kasupi was living in the Kaokoveld. He was followed by Ovaherero Chief Tjituka who also still stayed in the Kaokoveld.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Chief - Ovaherero - before 1750

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002219
Kasupi, Ovaherero (Ovatjimba) Chief

*
+  .1923 at Ombepera
---

Chief Kasupi was a famous Kaokoland (Ovatjimba) leader and ruled from ca. 1900 to 1923. In 1910 the German geologist J. Kuntz reported that he had reached the main village Ombepera (west of Otjiyandjasemo) of Ovatjimba Chief Kasupi. At the beginning of World War One Heinrich Vedder and Bernhard Trey from the Rhenish Missionary Society undertook an expedition into the Kaokoveld, in order to establish mission stations. Kaoko Otavi was identified as an appropriate location. Trey tried to convince Chief Kasupi from the Otjiyandjasemo area to support them, but Kasupi refused to see him. When Trey linked up with Vedder again he related a most peculiar rumour which he had heard from Ovaherero in Angola, and which baffled the missionaries for months. He heard that the British had invaded the Portuguese territory and that the exiled Ovaherero Chief Samuel Maharero had invaded SWA and captured several German ships at Swakopmund. Later they learned the truth that World War One had begun. The "bush telegraph" of the Kaokoveld had misled the missionaries - but there had been a grain of truth in the rumours. In 1917 Kaokoland Chief Vita Tom ("Chief Oorlog") returned from Angola. Vita settled permanently at Otjiyandjasemo, south-west of present-day Okonguati. He was supported by Chief Kasupi from Ombepera. The Ovatjimba Chief Kasupi died during 1923. He was succeeded by Chief Kahewa-Nawa (1923-1935), who received the areas around Ombepera.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Chief - Ovatjimba - ca. 1900-1923

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000894
Katamila, Kaveke Antony
* 09.03.1933
+ 07.05.2002
---
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: EDU
Profession: Teacher

Namibia National Archives Database

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000447
Katanga, Matthews Haumati Hamutenya
* 25.12.1944
+ 12.06.2001 at Windhoek
---
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Architect

Married to: Silvija Katanga

Namibia National Archives Database

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000198
Katharine
*
---
Kitchen maid in the Hahn household at Otjimbingwe.
---
Gender: f

Namibia National Archives Database

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002218
Katiti, Muhona, Ovaherero (Ovahimba) Chief

*
+  13.09.1931 at Epembe
---
Muhona Katiti was a famous Ovahimba Chief. During the First World War he returned from Angola. In 1917 tensions built up between Chief Vita Tom ("Chief Oorlog") and him. The South African authorities (SA Police at Cauas Okawa) tried to mediate between Vita and Muhona. On 06.06.1917 Tom Vita was called to Windhoek and met SA Colonel M.J. de Jager in order to find a solution for the various Kaokoland conflicts. This led later to an expedition to investigate affairs in the Kaokoveld under the command of the Native Resident Commissioner Charles N. Manning. On 24.08.1917 Charles Manning mediated between Vita Tom and Muhona Katiti in Otazuma in the vicinity of Otjivero in the Kaokoveld. Consequently Muhona moved his residence to Epembe at the Ondoto River. During June 1919, new disputes between Vita Tom and Muhona Katiti arose. They resulted in Charles Manning’s new visit to the Kaokoveld. At this time Vita lived no longer at Otjiyandjasemo but in Ongongo at the Hoarusib River. After Manning had also visited Muhona and the Ovatjimba leader Kasupi, he met Vita at Kaoko Otavi. In April 1923 new disputes between Vita Tom and Muhona Katiti occurred. They led, as requested by Carl Hugo Linsingen (Cocky) Hahn, Resident Commissioner of Ovamboland, to the third visit by Charles Manning to the Kaokoveld, meanwhile Magistrate of Rehoboth. As a result of this visit, Manning recommended dividing the northern Kaokoveld into three tribal areas: Muhona Katiti was given Ondoto, Epembe, Ovikange and Ehomba and Tom Vita the areas west of Epembe with Otjitanga, Hamalemba, Omangete, Ombakaha and Otjiyandjasemo. Muhona Katiti died on 13.09.1931 at Epembe. His successor was not his son Muhonisa, but his brother Karuvapa.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000904
Katjako, Moureen
*
+ 10.07.2002
---
Moureen Katjako was an HIV-AIDS activist from Walvis Bay who came out publicly about her HIV-positive status in 2000. She campaigned tirelessly in the Erongo Region in education efforts about HIV-AIDS and as chairperson of the "Positive but Confident" support group. On 10.07.2002 she died of an AIDS-related illnesses and was buried in her home town Okakarara.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: COM

RAW DATA: The Namibian 17.07.2002, 18.07.2002;

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002200
Katjari, Ovaherero Chief

*
+
---

Chief Katjari (Chief of the Otjirungu group under the leadership of John Samuel Aron Mungunda from Otjombuindja in the Ozongoto area, son of Chief Tjoro, son of Chief Tjihahu) took a defiant attitude against the strong social influence exercised by the Rhenish missionaries in Otjikango.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Chief - Ovaherero - around 1844

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000945
Katjavivi, Peter Hitjitevi
* 12.05.1941 at Okahandja
---
Peter Hitjitevi Katjavivi was born on 12.05.1941 at Okahandja. He grew up in Okahandja. He received his schooling in Okahandja and Windhoek. He went into exile in 1962 and studied in Tanzania from 1965 until 1968. He headed the SWAPO Office in London from 1968 until 1978. He is a Member of the SWAPO Central Committee. He studied history in the United Kingdom and received a Ph.-D. degree at Oxford in 1986 with a dissertation on the history of resistance in Namibia. In independent Namibia, he was member of the Constituent Assembly of 1989 and, until 1993 of the National Assembly. On 23.04.1993 he became the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Namibia. Since November 2003 he is Namibia's Ambassador to the European Union and the Kingdom of Belgium in Brussels.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Married to: Jane Katjavivi, née Cole
RAW DATA: Dickie/Rake 1973;

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000199
Katjimune, Christian
* .1858
---
Born ca.1858, Son of Phillippus Katjimune.
---
Gender: m

Father: Philippus Katjimune (1800-1863)

Namibia National Archives Database

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000200
Katjimune, Kamumbonde
* ??.??.1862
---
Youngest child of Phillippus Katjimune.
---
Gender: m

Father: Philippus Katjimune (1800-1863)

Namibia National Archives Database

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000201
Katjimune, Kazembire
* .1860
---
Daughter of Phillippus Katjimune.
---
Gender: f

Father: Philippus Katjimune (1800-1863)

Namibia National Archives Database

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000202
Katjimune, Philippus
* .1800
+ 15.06.1863
---
Philippus Katjimune was an Omuherero by birth but grew up in Namaland. He spoke Dutch and Nama fluently, and was Kleinschmidt's interpreter in the 1840s. He was a waggon-driver for Galton and Andersson during their 1850-1851 journeys, but was again in employ of Kleinschmidt as waggon-driver in 1857. He settled at Otjimbingwe in 1859. His skills as warrior and organiser were appreciated by both, Chief Zeraua and the Europeans at the settlement, and he headed a private corps, raised by Andersson, for trader Latham. He was killed in an attack on Otjimbingwe by the Orlam Afrikaners on 15.06.1863.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Lau 11985:V1287; Lau 1989:311; Metzkes 1962:29-30;

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000946
Katjiuongua, Moses Ngesuako
* 24.04.1942 at Windhoek
---
Moses Ngesuako Katjiuongua was born on 24.04.1942 at Windhoek. He was a founder member of SWANU. He went into exile 1959. He joined SWANU in Dar-Es-Salaam in 1961. He studied in the German Democratic Republic, then in Sweden and Canada. He returned to Namibia in 1982 where he first worked for Rössing Uranium. He was elected as SWANU President in 1982. He was the leader of the SWANU delegation in the Multi-Party Conference 1983. He became Minister in the Interim Government. In 1989 he was elected into the Constitutional Assembly for the Namibia Patriotic Front (NPF). He was a Member of the first and second Namibian National Assembly from 1990 until 2000. He joined the Congress of Democrats (CoD) party in November 2003.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Politician

Married to: Bathseba Katjiuongua

Namibia National Archives Database

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000203
Katuti
*
---
Katuti was a servant in the household of the Rhenish Missionary Johannes Rath. She survived the marine disaster off Walvis Bay in which Johannes Rath lost his wife and four children on 01.04.1859.
---
Gender: f

Namibia National Archives Database

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000947
Kauaria, Veno
* at Windhoek
---
Veno Kauaria left Namibia in 1979 for studies in the United Kingdom, then in the United States of America. She obtained Master degrees on Library and Information Science at the Long Island University. [Probably she is the first qualified "black" Namibian librarian?]. In 1989 she returned to Namibia and worked first for the Academy Library, and later headed the United States Cultural Centre Library in Windhoek.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: LIB

Namibia National Archives Database

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001592
Kauffenstein, P.G.
*
---
P.G. Kauffenstein was the Head (Landespropst) of the German Lutheran Church (Deutsche Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche DELK) in Namibia from ... to ... . He was strongly anti-SWAPO and against the ecumenical cooperation with "black" Namibian churches.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Clergy

Namibia National Archives Database

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000377
Kaufmann, Hans Richard
* 26.11.1878 at Königsberg, Germany (now Russian Federation)
+ 28.08.1914 at Hohenstein, Germany
---
Hans Richard Kaufmann was born on 26.11.1878 at Königsberg in Ostpreussen, then Germany. He took a military career and came to Namibia as a Schutztruppe officer. He deputised as a district commissioner in the Caprivi Strip from 1910 to 1911 and a second time from 1913 until 1914. He returned to Germany. He died in World War I at the Battle of Hohenstein, Ostpreussen, Germany on 28.08.1914.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ADM MIL
Profession: Military officer Colonial administrator
Functions: Deputy district commissioner - Caprivi Strip - 1910-1911, 1913-1914

RAW DATA: Fischer 1035:148-151, 222-223;

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002313
Kaukungua, Simon "Mzee"

[Simon Kaukungwa - alternative spelling]
* 06.10.1919 at Ohalushu
+
---

Simon "Mzee" Kaukungua was born on 06.10.1919 at Ohalushu. He received his schooling at the Lutheran Mission School at Ohalushu and the Ongwediva Primary School (1938). In September 1939 Kaukungua, who later became a stalwart of the South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO), left the territory to serve on the British side in Egypt during World War Two (until 1945). In 1946 he joined the South West Africa Railway Police. But he was forced under the contract system to work in Port Elisabeth and later in Cape Town in South Africa. On 02.08.1957 the Ovamboland People’s Congress (OPC) was launched by Herman Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo in Cape Town (in formal terms the OPC was never constituted). Among the founding members were Simon Kaukungua, Eliazer Tuhadeleni (Kaxumba kaNdola), Peter Hilinganye Mweshihange, Solomon Mifima, Maxton Joseph Mutongulume, Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Emil Appolus, Andreas Shipanga, Ottiliè Schimming and Kenneth Abrahams. He resigned from the railways in 1958 in preparation for the formation of a political party, the Ovamboland People's Organsiation (OPO), in 1959. In 1959 he became OPO organiser in Ohalushu. Later he became one of the first SWA petitioners to the UN. The petitions, translated into English by Theophilus Hamutumbangela, were sent to the UN via Michael Scott or Toivo Ya Toivo. In 1962, at a large meeting between Ovamboland chiefs and the South African Minister for Bantu Affairs, De Wet Nel, SWAPO supporters under Simon Kaukungua asked provocative questions. When the chiefs in their embarrassment challenged the SWAPO supporters, they got up and left taking most of the people with them. When the chiefs later tried to threaten the SWAPO group with rifles the people opposed them with knives and the chiefs were forced to withdraw. On 20.02.1964 Kaukungua went into exile. He became the first SWAPO Political Commissar of the SWA Liberation Army (SWALA) and trained soldiers in Tanzania until 1970. During SWAPO’s Consultative Congress in Tanga/Tanzania December 1969/January 1970, he became Secretary of the SWAPO Elder’s Council. In 1972 Kaukungua was appointed as SWAPO’s Head of Finance in Dar-Es-Salaam/Tanzania, managing SWAPO's funding from the OAU and other quarters (1972-1986). In 1986 he was transferred to Angola as Head of the SWAPO Centre. He returned to Namibia in 1989 as member of the SWAPO Election Directorate. Simon Kaukungua is still a member of the SWAPO Central Committee and SWAPO Elder’s Council until the present day of time. He is a member of the Steering Committee of the Archives of the Anticolonial Resistance and Liberation Struggle (AACRLS).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Politician

Married to: Johanna Nathaniel Kaukungua, née Shehaama

Collections/Papers:

1). Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan)
2). Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks)

Namibia_Khomas_Windhoek_Simon-Kaukungwa_2.JPG (231843 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks (2003)

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000892
Kaulinge, Sam Mweshipandeka
* 08.11.1921 in Namibia
+ 17.11.2001 at Ondobe
---
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Senior Headman

Namibia National Archives Database

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002236
Kauluma,
Immanuel Elifas, Ovamboland (Ondonga) King
*
+
---
The seventeenth Ondonga King Immanuel Elifas (Kauluma) rules since 1975. He followed King Filemon (Shuumbwa) yElifas lyaShindondola who was killed in Onamagongwa on 16.08.1975. He resides at Onamungundo. In 1988 the South African Defence Force destroyed King’s Immanuel Elifa’s homestead at Onamungundo (Olukonda) because he is a strong supporter of SWAPO.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001593
Kaunario, Salomo
* ca.1835
+ 24.02.1881 in Namibia
---
Salomo Kaunario was one of the first christianised Ovaherero. He fell on 24.02.1881 in a battle against Nama forces.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: A. Schreiber: Salomo Kaunario, in: Lebensbilder der Rheinischen Mission für Missionsstunden, p.14-22 (Barmen 1884);

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000032
Kautwima, Gabriel
*
+ 26.02.1995
---
Gabriel Kautwima succeeded Nehemia Shoovaleka as senior headman of the Omhedi area. After implementation of the Odendaal Plan, he became the first chairman of the Owambo Legislative Assembly, until he resigned in 1985 for political reasons. He was a prominent DTA member but resigned from the party in 1991. He died on 26.02.1995.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Functions: Senior Headman - Omhedi
Chairman - Uukwanyama Tribal Authority

Namibia National Archives Database

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001594
Kavazeri
*
+ .1902
---
Kavazeri was the half-brother of Samuel Maharero. He died in 1902.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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000564
Kavikunua, Nikodemus, Ovaherero (Ovambanderu) Chief
[Kambahahiza, Nikodemus]
*
+ 12.06.1896 at Okahandja
---
Nikodemus Kavikunua was the eldest son of Kavikunua, who was the eldest son of Tjamuaha. He was one of the rivals for succession when Maharero (Kamaharero) died in 1890. He lost, however, out against Samuel Maharero. Nikodemus was also known as Nikodemus Kambahahiza. Nikodemus allied himself with Kahimemua Nguvauva, whose position towards Samuel Maharero (subordinate or equal) was also in dispute. When in August 1891 the Germans recognised Samuel Maharero as Paramount Ovaherero Chief,
this was not accepted by other Ovaherero leaders, such as Manasse Tyiseseta of Omaruru, Kandji Tjetjo of Owikokorero and Kahimemua Nguvauva, as well as Riarua, Maharero’s former advisor. They were all serious contenders to the Ovaherero chieftaincy of Okahandja. On 05.07.1892 Ovaherero and Ovambanderu under the leadership of Assa Riarua (son of Maharero’s former advisor Riarua), as well as Nikodemus Kavikunua, Daniel, Barnabas and Justus Kavizeri, attacked Hendrik Witbooi’s stronghold Hornkranz but were defeated. On their way back to Windhoek, the unsuspecting Ovaherero were attacked by some German settlers under the command of John Ludwig. Two Ovaherero were killed, some are wounded and cattle are driven off. This incident was not followed up by the German authorities, and Samuel Maharero’s faith in the Germans was badly shaken. During April 1894 Ovaherero Chief Kambazembi of the Waterberg attempted to reconcile Nikodemus Kavikunua and Chief Riarua with Samuel Maharero. He was not successful. On 19.05.1894 Nikodemus visited Windhoek to lobby for German support for his position, without any success because Leutwein was away in the south and Gustav Duft had no authority to negotiate. In January 1895 a dispute over the southern border in the eastern sector of Namibia arose between the Ovambanderu leaders Kahimemua Nguvauva and Nikodemus Kavikunua and the Germans. Nikodemus still opposed Samuel Maharero, also on the border dispute, because the land question was an extremely sensitive issue for the Ovaherero and Ovambanderu. The fierce and bitter border quarrel brought the dispute between Maharero on the one side and Kahimemua and Kavikunua on the other to a head. On 18.05.1895 Theodor Leutwein, Samuel Maharero and Riarua met Kavikunua and Kahimemua at Otjinauanaua. An agreement was reached which eventually led to the downfall of Nikodemus and Kahimemua. On 15.06.1895 Leutwein concluded a treaty with Kavikunua which enforced harsh border controls between Ovambanderu and German settler areas. Kavikunua sought a closer relationship with Samuel Maharero, thus breaking with Kahimemua. Nikodemus’ claim to Gobabis was, however, rejected. Instead of this the Germans established a garrison at Gobabis and a military post at Olifantskloof, ostensibly to control the trade to and from the Bechuanaland Protectorate. On 08.04.1896 Leutwein issued a proclamation at Kowas where, in agreement with Samuel Maharero, he dismissed Kavikunua and Kahimemua from their positions as chiefs. During the German Ovambanderu War of 1896 the Ovambanderu were defeated in the battle of Otjunda (Sturmfeld). Kahimemua surrendered to the Germans. Kavikunua, however, did not participate in the battles of Gobabis and Otjunda. Kahimemua sent Ovambanderu to Ngamiland (present-day Botswana) under the leadership of his son, Hiatuvao Nguvauva, father of the later Ovambanderu Chief Munjuku Nguvauva II. This was the first wave of Ovaherero to flee to present-day Botswana. Some Ovaherero escaped into the north-east of the territory. They settled in the area of Karakuwisa. There the Ovaherero were involved in violent clashes with local San groups. Nikodemus Kavikunua was executed by s shooting squad on 12.06.1896 after an official trial  by the Germans in Okahandja for his co-responsibility in the war, together with Kahimemua Nguvauva. Theodor Leutwein was prepared to pardon the two leaders, but Samuel Maharero insisted on the executions, in order to get rid of two rivals of his own position as Paramount Chief of the Ovaherero. Before his execution, Kahimemua is said to have uttered a curse on his enemies which foretold the rinderpest which reached Namibia in late 1896. Kahimemua's story as told by Ovaherero and Ovambanderu informants has been documented in two publications, see Sundermeier (1987) and Heywood (1992). For additional biographical details, see Van Rooyen and Reiner (1995) and Pool (1991). One of the other Ovambanderu leaders, who was involved in the war against the Germans, Kanangati Hoveka, died shortly after the executions. His successor was Nikanor Hoveka (born around 1875).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Father: Kavikunua


RAW DATA: Lau 1995:239; Drechsler 1966:69, 996, 99-101, 109, 111-112, 114-115, 344; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001595
Kavinjongo
*
+ .1902 at Osire
---
Ovaherero chief in Osire, died 1902.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: TRA

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1902:27;

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001596
Kavizeri, Joel
*
+ 02.11.1904 at Ombakaha
---
On 02.11.1904 the Germans under the command of First Lieutenant von Beesten invited some Ovaherero soldiers to Ombakaha (Omuramba Ganas) allegedly to negotiate with them to lay down their arms, but instead, the latter were massacred (most of the 70 Ovaherero who came to surrender). Ovaherero chiefs Joel Kavizeri from Okahandja and Saul from Otjenga were also killed there. Von Beesten reported: " ... I gave orders to open fire. For a brief period of time the enemy vigorously returned the fire, but then careened down the hillside, pursued by our shells and bullets, to come to a halt at a distance of approximately 300 metres. In the meantime the kapteins and headmen had tried to escape and had all been killed within a radius of 10 to 300 metres ... About 12 noon the remainder of the enemy withdrew. As far as I know, no one escaped unscathed ... There were no casualties on our side."
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:188;

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001597
Kavizeri, Justus
*
---
Justus Kavizeri was an Ovaherero noble who after the battle of Waterberg escaped to Botswana via Rietfontein - Nuchei.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:198;

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002295
Kavonga kaHaidongo, Ovamboland (Uukwanyama) King
*
 
+ around 1600
---
The second Uukwanyama King on record was King Kavonga kaHaidongo. He followed King Mushindi uaKanene. He ruled around 1600. The first seven Uukwanyama kings cannot be precisely dated. Kavonga's successor was the third Uukwanyama King Heita yMuvale (around 1650).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000948
Kayser, Paul
* 09.08.1845 at Öls, Oberschlesien, Germany (now Poland)
+ 13.02.1898 at Leipzig, Germany
---
Paul Kayser was born on 09.08.1845 at Öls in Germany. He was a German jurist and an expert in labour law and protégée of German Chancellor Bismarck. He was transferred from the Reichsjustizministerium to the Foreign Office, where he was Kolonialdirigent from 30.06.1890 until 26.03.1894, and Kolonialdirektor from 27.03.1894 until 14.10.1896. Later he became Senatsspräsident at the Reichsgericht (the German supreme court). He never entered Namibia but was part of important decisions for the colony. He died on 13.02.1898 at Leipzig.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: LAW
Profession: Civil servant

RAW DATA: Gann: Rulers; Hubatsch; Drechsler 1966:72, 73, 80, 81, 304, 331, 335, 337, 341-342;

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000204
Kazahendike, Kambauruma
* in Namibia
---
Kambauruma Kazahendike was referred to as Magdalena after her baptism. She was the sister of Urieta Kazahendike (Johanna Gertze). She was trained as a teacher by the Rhenish Missionary Society in Stellenbosch, and in 1866 was responsible for the girl's school at Otjimbingwe. In 1870, however, she was at Okahandja, where she married Wilhelm Maharero.
---
Gender: f
Functions:

Married to: Wilhelm Maharero


RAW DATA: Pool 1991:37;

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000205
Kazahendike, Urieta
[Uerieta - alternative spelling]
[Gertze, Johanna Maria - married name]
[Gertse, Johanna Maria - alternative spelling]
* ??.09.1837 in Namibia
+ 03.07.1936 at Otjimbingwe
---
Urieta Kazahendike was born in September 1837. She was the daughter of Kazahendike and his wife Kariaavihe. She was a servant, teacher and interpreter, lived with the Rhenish Missionary Hahn family since the age of ca. eight years. She could speak Dutch, German, English, Nama and her mother tongue, Otjiherero. She worked with Carl Hugo Hahn on a Otjiherero-German grammar and dictionary (for which Hahn received a Ph.-D. in 1874). She was Hahn's first Omuherero convert, she was baptised on 25.07.1858 and named Johanna Maria. In 1859, she accompanied the Hahns to Germany. She married Samuel Gertse in 1864, raised his eight children from his previous marriage and had nine children of her own. She died on 03.07.1936 at Otjimbingwe.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Samuel Gertse (1805-1889), married 1864-1889
Mother: Kariaavihe
Father: Kazahendike


RAW DATA: Lau 1986:V1296; Baumann 1967:39; Irle 19106:238;

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001598
Kazakaetua
*
---
Kazakaetua was the son of Ovaherero Chief Mbuanjou (Banjo). He lived 1907 in Omaruru.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1907:34;

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000906
Keding, Gerhard Peter Christian
* 06.11.1937 at Stettin, Germany (now: Poland)
+ 12.02.2002 at Windhoek
---
Gerhard Peter Christian Keding was born on 06.11.1937 at Stettin, Germany (now: Poland). He was a renown photographer whose shop for many years did the photographic reproductions for the National Archives of Namibia. He also produced films and was a keen philatelist. He died on 12.02.2002 at Windhoek.
---
Gender: m
Profession: Photographer

Namibia National Archives Database

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000949
Keen
* 02.01.1916 at Cape Town, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1956
---
Keen was born on 02.01.1916 at Cape Town in South Africa. He was educated at the South African College, Cape Town, and University of Cape Town. He was an orthopaedic surgeon and came to Namibia in 1956.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MED
Profession: Medical doctor

Married to: , married 1940-
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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000180
Keetman, Johann
* 29.11.1793 at Hamburg, Germany
+ 10.10.1865 at Elberfeld, Germany
---
Johann Keetman was born on 29.11.1793 at Hamburg in Germany. He was a wealthy banker and founding member of the Rhenish Missionary Society. In 1830 he purchased the stand in Barmen on which the RMS headquarters were erected, and donated it to the Society. He served on the Society's executive as from the founding in 1828, and, when the position of President was created in 1843, he was elected as first President of the RMS and held this post until his death in 1865. Shortly before his death, he donated 1000 Thalers for a mission station in Namaland. This donation made the establishment of the station at Zwartmodder possible, and the station was consequently named Keetmanshoop. Keetman himself has never been in Namibia. He died on 10.10.1865 at Elberfeld in Germany.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Banker
Functions: President - Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft - 1843-1865

RAW DATA: Lau, Hahn V:1266; Kriele 1928:50, 60-61, 82, 275;

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000565
Keister, Keister
[Keizer, Keizer - alternative spelling]
*
---
Keister Keister was the bearer of high office under Hendrik Witbooi. Although one Journal entry lists him as "commandant", he is on record as having called himself "profisie-kaptein" (head of provisions). Other sources identify him as "Händler und Platzmajor von Hornkranz", or as Hendrik Witbooi's "finance minister". Clearly, he co-ordinated and managed the manifold tasks relating to the administration of the settlement at Hoornkrans (German: Hornkranz). Some German sources portray him as a drunkard and clown who nevertheless managed Witboois' administration efficiently, and therefore was given more credit by Witbooi than others.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Lau 1995:239; Bülow 1896:153; De Kock 1945:200;

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001426
Keller, Kuno
* 06.05.1879
+ 26.03.1906 at Ukamas
---
Kuno Keller was born on 06.05.1879. He was a Schutztruppe officer. During the German Namibian War 1904 to 1908 he died in action at Ukamas on 26.03.1906.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

RAW DATA: Fischer 1935:201;

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000908
Kemba, Walter
* in Namibia
+ 22.10.2002 at Windhoek
---
Walter Kemba was a trade unionist and SWAPO politician. He served as Vice-President of the Mineworkers Union of Namibia, as Member of the National Assembly and Deputy Minister of Labour (March 1999-21.03.2000). He died on 22.10.2002 at Windhoek.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Politician

Married to: Zandile Kemba
RAW DATA: The Namibian 24.10.2002;

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002185
Kengeza, Ovaherero Chief

*
+
---

Setting out from the Kaokoveld, Ovaherero leader Mutjise, son of Mbunga, son of Tjituka, son of Kasupi, son of Vatje, son of Kengeza of the oruzo orwohorongo (community or clan, also religious group from the father’s side, while eanda is a socio-economic group to which the mother belongs), moved to Okahandja (probably after 1785). Possibly the Ovaherero came from the north-east because in Otjiherero "Okunene" could mean "the right-hand side" or "that which lies to the right", while "Okavango" could mean "the small hip" or "that which lies to the left". It is quite possible that other theories on the origin of the two river names exist. Chief Kengeza still lived in the Kaokoveld. He was followed by Ovaherero Chief Vatje who also still stayed in the Kaokoveld.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Chief - Ovaherero - before 1750

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002030
Kennedy
*
+ 05.1868 in Namibia
---
Kennedy was a hunter and trader. He accompanied Palgrave to Ovamboland in 1866-67. He was killed in May 1868 on the road to Walvis Bay in a raid by Orlam/Nama under Jacobus Boois.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:62;

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002034
Kenney, R.T.
*
---
Trader whose presence in Hereroland is documented for 1876.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:62;

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002035
Kenny, John
*
---
John Kenny was a servant, trader's assistant and hunter. He was Chapman's servant on his journey to Lake Ngami, 1859, and then travelled with Polson, 1861. This may have been the same person as the Kennedy or Kenny who was killed when he was with Palgrave and others in 1868 in a raid by Orlam/Nama under Jacobus Boois on the road to Walvis Bay.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:62;

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000950
Kerby, George
* 27.06.1884 at Cape Town, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1916
---
George Kerby was born on 27.06.1884 at Cape Town in South Africa. He came to Namibia in 1916. He was appointed as Town Clerk of Windhoek by the Administration in 1918. He served as Captain in the SWA Infantry Battalion from 1939 until 1941. He was a Member of SWA Township Board, United Municipal Executives of Union of S.A., National Executive of S.A. Legion B.E.S.L., Divisional Command for SWA of the Boy Scouts Association of the Union of South Africa and the Returned Soldiers Assistance Board.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL ADM

RAW DATA: SSWA 1959;

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001599
Keria, Willibald
*
---
Evangelist in Otjosazu 1902. [Name possibly Kerina?].
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1902:23;

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001600
Kerina, Mburumba, Prof.
[Getzen, William Eric, called after his mother]

[Kerina - Otjiherero name for Frederick Thomas Green, his great great grandfather]
* 06.06.1932 at Tsumeb
---
Mburumba Kerina was born on 06.06.1932 at Tsumeb. He is an Ovaherero descendant of the traveller Frederick Thomas Green (Green is in Otjiherero "Kerina"). He got schooled in Namibia and managed to leave the country for further education under the name Eric Getzen. In 1953 he
left for the USA to take up a scholarship at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania but never graduated. In the 1960s he became Professor for Afro-American Studies at the Brooklyn College in New York (further details unknown). From 1956 onwards he petitioned and testified at the United Nations for Namibia on behalf of the Herero Chiefs’ Council until he later fell out with the Council. In 1956 the International Court of Justice (ICJ) continued to deal with the SWA problem in an advisory capacity. It confirmed the UN General Assembly’s right to adopt resolutions on SWA, and to grant oral hearings to petitioners (Michael Scott, Mburumba Kerina (Getzen), Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Hans Beukes, Markus Kooper, Sam Nujoma, Ismael Fortune, Jacob Kuhangua and Hosea Kutako). This gave new impetus to the political socialisation and consciousness of "black" leaders in the territory. In 1958 the Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC) was renamed the Ovamboland People’s Organisation (OPO), as allegedly suggested by Mburumba Kerina. The emergence of the OPO and SWANU (established in 1959) introduced an element of rivalry which later resulted in a clash between Kerina and Kozonguizi. Their personal rivalry was further aggravated by the illusion of imminent independence for SWA under the auspices of the United Nations. After the shootings in December 1959 at Windhoek's "Old Location" where the South African Police shot and killed 13 demonstrators - among them his brother - Kerina turned radical, demanding that "whites" be pushed into the sea. Kerina later joined the South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO). In April 1960 the OPO’s reconstitution as SWAPO was triggered by national leaders such as Sam Nujoma, Mburumba Kerina, Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo, Jacob Kuhangua, Solomon Mifima, Paul Helmuth, Andreas Shipanga, Erasmus Erastus Mbumba, Emil Appolus, Maxton Joseph Mutongulume and Carlos Hamatui. During 1961 Mburumba coined allegedly the name "Namibia" (originally, "Namib"). In July 1962 Kozonguizi and Kerina met in New York. They discussed the formation of a new party to unify SWAPO and SWANU. The proposed name of the party was National Independence People’s Party (NIPP). Kerina published these plans without consultation. Kozonguizi denied any agreements. SWAPO reacted with anger and expelled Kerina. In June 1964 Mburumba Kerina announced the formation of the Independence and National Convention Party. Two months later Kerina’s Independence and National Convention Party was reconstituted as the United Nama Independence People’s Party (UNIPP). It disappeared again in early 1965. In the mean time Kerina had unsuccessfully tried to return to Namibia and remained for a short while in Bechuanaland until he was expelled in 1964, from where he went to Tanzania. On 25.09.1965 Mburumba Kerina, Hosea Kutako and Clemence Kapuuo established the traditionalist National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO), after Kerina had repaired his relationship with the Herero Chiefs’ Council until he again broke with the Council in 1966. Kapuuo from the NUDO and Fritz Gariseb from the DEC opposed the South African Apartheid policy but advocated a federal type of government based on the old tribal regions. SWAPO and SWANU favoured a non-racial democracy based on universal franchise and on the ideology of Pan-Africanism. Both parties declined to join NUDO and joined SWANLIF instead. SWANLIF, however, failed after 1964 because the party was not able to link SWAPO and SWANU. In 1966 the South West Africa National United Front (SWANUF) was formed by Mburumba Kerina - who in the mean time had returned to New York during 1966 - and Veine Mbaeva as an attempted merger of NUDO and SWANU. By the late 1970s SWANUF was defunct. Kerina returned to Namibia in 1976. By the end of 1976 Mburumba Kerina, who led the pro-Turnhalle PROSWA/Namibia Foundation, supported the Turnhalle principles. He even went so far as to allege that the Turnhalle had met every condition set by the OAU, UN, ICJ and the "Lusaka Manifesto". In 1978 the Namibia Patriotic Coalition (NPC) was constituted by Mburumba Kerina to join a short-lived alliance with the Rehoboth Liberation Front (LF) and the Liberal Party. Kerina returned to New York in 1979. Several attempts to launch investment projects with local business people and politicians in grandiose mining or investment schemes received detailed press coverage without coming to fruition and with a significant amount of adverse publicity. In 1982, after becoming defunct, the Namibia Patriotic Coalition (NPC) was reconstituted as the Namibia National Democratic Coalition (NNDC) under Mburumba Kerina. In 1988 the Federal Convention of Namibia (FCN) was constituted in Rehoboth under Hans Diergaardt and Mburumba Kerina. In the 1990s and after the year 2000 Kerina was involved in the case of war reparations to the Ovaherero from the Germans due to the German Ovaherero War 1904-1908. In March 1998 the German Federal President, Roman Herzog, visited Namibia. This state visit resulted in some irritations on the Namibian side due to Herzog’s refusal to acknowledge the calls by some members of the Ovaherero community for compensation in consequence of the Ovaherero-German War 1904 to 1908. Herzog maintained that "no international legislation existed at the time under which ethnic minorities could get reparations". Mburumba Kerina countered by claiming that the Second Hague Convention, dated 29.07.1899, at which the Germans were represented, outlawed "reprisals against civilians on the losing side". Herzog dismissed the idea of an apology "because too much time had passed to make sense". Kerina left the DTA in January 2004 and joined Kuaima Riruako's new NUDO instead. He lost his DTA seat for the Aminuis Constituency in the National Council in February 2004.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan); Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia_Otjozondjupa_Okahandja_Kerina_1.JPG (211803 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks

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002312
Kgosiemang,
Constance Letang, Tswana Chief
* 05.08.1946 at Aminuis

---
Constance Letang Kgosiemang was born on 05.08.1946 in the Aminuis Reserve. He received his schooling at Aminuis and the Döbra Training College at Windhoek. He was a clerk and storeman for an engineering firm and an operator in a Walvis Bay fish factory. He joined the DTA in 1978 and became a DTA organiser in Walvis Bay. On 28.04.1979 Tswana Chief Kgosi-kgolo (traditional title) Constance Letang Kgosiemang was sworn in as traditional leader of the Tswana community in Gobabis. He was a Member of the Tswana Royal House and descendant of Chief Morwe who moved with his people from Kuruman in South Africa to settle at Aminuis during the 19th century. In 1980 the Tswana Alliance became a party, named the Seoposengwe Party and led by Constance Letang Kgosiemang. The Seoposengwe Party formed an alliance with the DTA. He was appointed as Member of the Executive Committee (Finance and Personnel) and Chairman of the Tswana Second Tier Authority from 1980 until 1989. Kgosiemang was the Tswana Chief until 1992. He was followed by Hubert Tidimalo Ditshabue (1992-).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Married: Emilie Sekompane (six children)

RAW DATA: Namibia Handbook and Political Who's Who, 1990 (Pütz, Von Egidy and Caplan); Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002169
|Khanabeb, ||Khau-|gôan Captain (Swartboois)
*
---
|Khanabeb was the first captain in the genealogy of the Swartbooi Nama. The precise dates could not be traced. Most probably he lived at a time, when the ||Khau-|gôan were still part of the Kei||khaun
(also called Red Nation) community. He was followed by Tsauxab gaib (before 1800).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Budack 1972:252-253;

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002157
||Khaub gaib ||Khomab, Kai||khaun Captain (Red Nation)

*
+ .1740
---
The Nama Captain of the Kai||khaun (also called Red Nation), ||Khaub gaib ||Khomab (1725-1740), was probably the third Chief on record of this community. He was followed by #Ô-||nâib ||Khaumab (1740-1755).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Captain - Kai||khaun (Red Nation) - 1725-1740

Married to: #Ô-||nâis

RAW DATA: Budack 1972:242; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002170
Khaxab gaib |Khaoremab, #Aonin Captain (Topnaars)

*
---
Khaxab gaib |Khaoremab was the Captain of the Topnaars (#Aonin). He was the third Chief on record in the genealogy of the captains of the #Aonin dynasty. Khaxab died around 1850 and he was followed by Piet Haibeb (||Haibeb ||Gamab)(ca. 1850-1909/10).
---

Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Married to: |Khaores

RAW DATA: Budack 1972:245-246; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002156
||Khomab,  #Hâmab, Kai||khaun Captain (Red Nation)

*
+ .1725
---
The Nama Captain of the Kai||khaun (also called Red Nation), the main group of all Nama groups in Namibia, ||Khomab #Hâmab (1710-1725), was probably the second Chief on record of this community. He was followed by ||Khaub gaib ||Khomab (1725-1740).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL
Profession: Traditional leader
Functions: Captain - Kai||khaun (Red Nation) - 1710-1725

Married to: ||Khaus

RAW DATA: Budack 1972:242; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001427
Kickton, Hans, Dr.
* 03.04.1880
---
Schutztruppe medical officer.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL MED
Profession: Military officer

RAW DATA: Fischer 1935:221;

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002178
Kido, Benjamin, !Gomén Captain (Topnaar)
[Kulib Gâsemab - Nama name]
* in Namibia
+ in Namibia
---
Benjamin Kido was a Captain of the Topnaars (!Gomén) of Sesfontein. He was the sixth captain in the genealogy of the !Gomén dynasty. Kido was not related to the !Gomén family of the captain genealogy, but a member of the ||Khau-|gôan (Swartboois) of Franzfontein. It is reported that he was appointed by the South African Native Commissioner of the Kaokoveld, Mr. Barnard. He was never acknowledged by the majority of the !Gomén. After Kido's death, the office of !Gomén captain was bestowed to the son of the sister of the !Gomén Captain ||Gaubeb Anibamap, to Simon ||Hawaxamab (Kukub gaib ||Hawaxamab).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

Married to: Kolens

RAW DATA: Budack 1972:247-248;

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001428
Kieckebusch, Hermann
* 01.10.1883
---
Schutztruppe officer.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

RAW DATA: Fischer 1935:260;

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001601
Kingon, W.L.
*
---
British businessman, associate of Robert Lewis.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:56, 62, 308;

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000405
Kirchheim, Heinrich Georg
* 06.04.1882
+ 12.1973 at Lüdenscheid, Germany
---
Heinrich Georg Kirchheim was born on 06.04.1882. He served as Schutztruppe officer in Namibia. He died in December 1973 in Lüdenscheid, Germany.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

RAW DATA: Afrikanischer Heimatkalender 1976, p.110; Fischer 1935:111, 137, 151-169, 174, 204, 220;

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000951
Kirkpatrick, John Simpson
* 31.03.1930 at Windhoek
---
John Simpson Kirkpatrick was born on 31.03.1930 at Windhoek. He was educated at the Pretoria Boys High School and Pretoria University in South Africa. He was an attorney with the Windhoek based legal firm Lorentz and Bone. He was director of various companies. He was the Secretary of the Law Society of SWA 1949-. He was President of the Association of Round Tables of Southern Africa. He chaired the SWA Blood Transfusion Service.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: LAW
Profession: Lawyer

Married to: Patricia Anne Kirkpatrick, née Mauritzen
Father: John Loudon Kirkpatrick
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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000952
Kirsten, Gysbert Matthys Theunis
* 06.12.1897 at Vredenburg, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: March 1921
---
Gysbert Matthys Theunis Kirsten was born on 06.12.1897 at Vredenburg in South Africa. He was educated at Vredenburg. He came to Namibia in 1921. He started farming in 1926. He chaired the Farmers Association Maltahöhe. He was a Member of the Land Board from 1945 until 1951.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR
Profession: Farmer

Married to: Martha Elisabeth Johanna Kirsten, née Liebenberg, married 1926
Father: Johannes Christiaan Kirsten
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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002036
Kisch, Daniel Muntague
* 06.1840 at Sprouston, England
+ 11.12.1898 at sea
First entry to Namibia: 1860
Last departure from Namibia: 1861
---
Daniel Muntague Kisch was born in June 1840 at Sprouston in the United kingdom. He was a hunter and trader. He joined H. Chapman on a hunting and trading journey to Ovamboland in 1860-61. He died on 11.12.1898 while at sea.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:62-63; DSAB;

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001602
Kisker, Hans
*
---
German settler, portrayed in Hans Grimm's "Südwesterbuch".
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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000953
Kitazawa, Yoko
*
---
Yoko Kitazawa was a Japanese scholar. She has published several articles on Japanese economic relations with Namibia and South Africa, and has conducted research on this subject on behalf of the United Nations Council for Namibia.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: SCI

Namibia National Archives Database

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000580
Kitchingman, James
*
First entry to Namibia: 1820
Last departure from Namibia: 1829
---
James Kitchingman was a missionary of the London Missionary Society. He was based at Steinkopf, Little Namaqualand. He visited Schmelen at Bethany during May-June 1820. In the same year
he visited, together with Shaw and Schmelen, the Chief of the Kai5khaun (also called "The Red Nation"), Tsawúb Gamab.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:63;

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001603
Kito, Nikodemus
*
---
Evangelist in Sesfontein, 1902, 1907.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1902:27, 1907:35;

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001604
Kividoe, Orlam Afrikaner Chief
*
+ 02.08.1897 in Namibia
---
Orlam Afrikaner commander Kividoe was the leader of the remainder of the Orlam Afrikaner in the extreme south-east of Namibia. He led the "Afrikaner rebellion" against the Germans in July/August 1897. On 05.07.1897
the first battle between the Orlam Afrikaners and the Germans ended in defeat for the latter (Lieutenant von Bunsen, District Chief of Warmbad and Lieutenant Helm). On 02.08.1897 the reinforced German forces overpowered the Orlam Afrikaners under their leader Kividoe in the battle of the Gamsib Ravine at the Oranje River. Following the battle, Kividoe and all his officers were executed after being extradited by the South African Cape Police, to whom they had surrendered.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:122; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000924
Kiwi, Joachim Werner, Dr.
* 30.07.1910 at Berlin, Germany
---
Joachim Werner Kiwi was born on 30.07.1910 at Berlin in Germany. He was educated at the Realgymnasium Berlin-Treptow, the universities of Würzburg and Berlin, as well as the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. He was a medical doctor. He emigrated from Germany to South Africa in 1934. During World War II, he served in the South African Army (Major S.A.M.C.). He came to Namibia 1946. He chaired the S.A. Red Cross, SWA Region. He was a violinist in the Windhoek Symphony Orchestra.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Businessman

Married to: Ruth Kiwi, née Kornblum, married 1942-
Father: Rudolph Kiwi
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959,1974;

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000566
Klaase, Adam
*
+ 22.02.1888 at Gibeon
---
Adam Klaase was a highly placed official under Moses Witbooi from at least 1871, and apparently his closest associate. In 1886 he was even called Moses' Deputy Captain. He and Moses were executed by Visser on 22.02.1888 at Gibeon, apparently to avenge Veldschoendrager (||Hawoben) Captain Karl Hendrik's (Ses)(!Nanib #karib #Arisemab) death in February 1888.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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000955
Klein, Cedric Bruce
* 17.03.1920 at Bloemfontein, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 03.07.1959
---
Cedric Bruce Klein was born on 17.03.1920 at Bloemfontein in South Africa. He was educated at Grey College, Bloemfontein, and the Witwatersrand, Durban and Free State Technical Colleges. He was trained as a technician engineer. He came to Namibia in 1959 as Senior Engineer for the Department of Posts and Telegraphs (until 1966). He was then in private enterprise. He was the Managing Director of Engineering Sales and Services of SWA.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ENG BUS
Profession: Engineer, Businessman

Married to: Joan Klein
Father: Francis Charles Arthur Klein
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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000956
Klein, Friedrich Wilhelm Alfred
* 01.07.1911 at Windhoek
---
Businessman in the tourism industry, managing director of Universal Travel Bureau (previously with Barclays Bank).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Businessman

Married to: Elisabeth Klein, née Hagner (1943-)
Father: F.W. Klein
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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000957
Klein, Hans
* 11.07.1931 at Mährisch-Schönberg, Czechia
+ .1996
---
Hans Klein was born on 11.07.1931 at Mährisch-Schönberg in Czechia. He studied at Loughborough in the United Kingdom. He worked as a journalist from 1953 until 1959. He entered the German diplomatic service in 1959 (until 1965). He was a CSU Member of the German Bundestag since 1976, with a special focus on foreign affairs. He was a prominent defender of the South African Apartheid position on Namibia.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: JOU POL
Profession: Journalist, politician

RAW DATA: Wege und Wandlungen 2; Kürschners Deutscher Bundestag 10 (1983);

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000958
Klein, Hans Hugo, Prof.
* 05.08.1936 at Karlsruhe, Germany
---
Hans-Hugo Klein was born on 05.08.1936 at Karlsruhe in Germany. He studied law at Heidelberg and München. From 1969 onwards he was Professor for public law at Göttingen. He was a CDU member of the German Bundestag (Wahlkreis Göttingen). In 1982 he became Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär in the Bundesministerium der Justiz. He was a prominent German defender of the South African Apartheid position on Namibia.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: LAW POL

Namibia National Archives Database

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001429
Klein, Otto
* 15.03.1866
+ 29.11.1904
---
Schutztruppe officer.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

RAW DATA: Fischer 1935:154-155;

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000117
Klein-Werner, Heinz Anton
* 17.06.1912 at Königsheide, Germany
+ at Kleinmond, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1935
---
Born on 17.06.1912 at Königsheide near Wuppertal, Germany, Heinz Klein-Werner emigrated to Namibia in 1935. He was the author of the "Südwesterlied" (South West Song), written for the German Boy Scouts, which became very popular among German-speaking Namibians and is considered their unofficial "anthem". He died in Kleinmond in South Africa.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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001605
Kleinschmidt, Gerhard
* 10.01.1883 at Samentin, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1913
---
Mission farmer of the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft at Gaub.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR

Married to: Clara Kleinschmidt, née Heuer, married 1913-

Namibia National Archives Database

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000208
Kleinschmidt, Hanna
[Schmelen, Hanna - birth name]
* 04.08.1819 at Bethany
+ 18.12.1884 at Otjimbingwe
---
Hanna Kleinschmidt was born on 04.08.1819 at Bethany. She was the daughter of Johann Heinrich Schmelen and his first wife, Anna. She married Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt on 23.05.1842. She was a translator, interpreter and preacher at Rehoboth between 1845 and 1864. She also bore and raised eight children. While at Rehoboth, she furthermore engaged in community work such as establishing a clinic, and building and maintaining houses for the aged. She worked for the Rhenish Missionary Society as a teacher and shop assistant for a further twenty years, from 1864 to 1884. She died on 18.12.1884 at Otjimbingwe.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt (1812-1864), married 1842-1864
Mother: Anna Schmelen
Father: Johann Heinrich Schmelen (1777-1848)
Children: Johanne Marie Kleinschmidt (married Baumann)(1843-1926)
Elisabeth Kleinschmidt (married Hegner)(1844-1913)
Katharine Albertine Kleinschmidt (married Björklund)(1847-)
Johannes Kleinschmidt (1849-)

Heinrich Kleinschmidt (1851-)
Friederika Kleinschmidt (married Rautanen)
Ludwig Kleinschmidt (1857-1929)
Wilhelm Kleinschmidt (1858-)


RAW DATA: Lau 1985:V1269;

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000181
Kleinschmidt, Franz Heinrich
* 25.10.1812 at Blasheim near Ravensberg, Germany
+ 02.09.1864 at Otjimbingwe
First entry to Namibia: 1842
---
Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt was born on 25.10.1812 at Blasheim near Ravensberg in Germany. He was trained as carpenter and worked as an assistant in a military hospital. He joined the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1838 and came to Komaggas (South Africa) in May 1840. He learned blacksmithing from Heinrich Schmelen. He came to Klein-Windhoek in October 1842 with Carl Hugo Hahn. He then moved to Okahandja and further to Otjikango (Gross-Barmen) in 1844 when missionary Haddy of the Wesleyan Missionary Society took up work at Windhoek. He was ordained on 22.05.1842. He was married to Hanna Schmelen the next day. They had eight children. He established himself as a missionary with the Swartboois at Rehoboth in May 1845 and worked there for almost twenty years. He moved away from Rehoboth with the Swartboois in July 1864, and died from exposure after fleeing from an attack by Jonker Afrikaner's commando on 02.09.1864 at Otjimbingwe.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Hanna Kleinschmidt, née Schmelen (1819-1884), married 1842-1864
Children: Johanne Marie Kleinschmidt (married Baumann)(1843-1926)
Elisabeth Kleinschmidt (married Hegner)(1844-1913)
Katharine Albertine Kleinschmidt (married Björklund)(1847-)
Johannes Kleinschmidt (1849-)
Heinrich Kleinschmidt (1851-)
Friederika Kleinschmidt (married Rautanen)
Ludwig Kleinschmidt (1857-1929)
Wilhelm Kleinschmidt (1858-)

Namibia National Archives Database

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000209
Kleinschmidt, Heinrich
[Kleinschmidt, Hendrik - alternative name]
* 29.11.1851 at Rehoboth
---
Heinrich Kleinschmidt was born on 29.11.1851 at Rehoboth. He was the fifth child of Franz Heinrich and Hanna Kleinschmidt. The Vergissmeinnicht provides only the general statement that he remained active in Africa as a trader. He was at Okahandja in 1876, and obtained a prospecting concession from the Ovaherero in 1886. It would appear that he was still in German South-West-Africa around 1889.
---
Gender: m
Profession: Trader

Mother: Hanna Kleinschmidt, née Schmelen (1819-1884)
Father: Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt (1812-1864)


RAW DATA: Vergissmeinnicht 1893:19-20; Lau 1985:V1269; Pool 1991:68; Tabler 1973:64;

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000210
Kleinschmidt, Johannes
* 12.11.1849 at Rehoboth
---
Johannes Kleinschmidt was born on 12.11.1849 at Rehoboth. He was the fourth child and eldest son of Franz Heinrich and Hanna Kleinschmidt. He became a principal in Görlitz in Germany.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: EDU

Mother: Hanna Kleinschmidt, née Schmelen (1819-1884)
Father: Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt (1812-1864)


RAW DATA: Vergissmeinnicht 1893:19-20;

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000212
Kleinschmidt, Ludwig
* 14.02.1857
+ 06.05.1929 at Farm Okandu
---
Ludwig Kleinschmidt was born on 14.02.1857 at Rehoboth. He was the seventh child of Franz Heinrich and Hanna Kleinschmidt. He was a trader in the country until at least 1890, after which he worked as an interpreter for the German administration until some time before 1904. Although at one stage the owner of a 20 000 ha farm, Kleinschmidt seems to have lived in seclusion as a manager or tenant on the farm Okandu for many years. He also died there, quite without any means. Kleinschmidt, like Duncan, Otto, Conradt and Dannert, appears to have belonged to a small group of German traders and settlers aloof from - and critical of - emerging European colonial circles.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Trader

Mother: Hanna Kleinschmidt, née Schmelen (1819-1884)
Father: Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt (1812-1864)

Namibia National Archives Database

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000213
Kleinschmidt, Wilhelm
* 30.10.1858 at Rehoboth
---
Wilhelm Kleinschmidt was born on 30.10.1858 at Rehoboth. He was the eighth child of Franz Heinrich and Hanna Kleinschmidt.
---
Gender: m

Mother: Hanna Kleinschmidt, née Schmelen (1819-1884)
Father: Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt (1812-1864)


RAW DATA: Vergissmeinnicht 1893:13;

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001438
Klinger, Walther
* 08.12.1877
+ 13.09.1914
---
Schutztruppe officer.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

RAW DATA: Fischer 1935:120, 184, 245;

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000959
Klöpfer, Karl
* 02.08.1923 at Windhoek
---
Karl Klöpfer was born on 02.08.1923 at Windhoek. He was educated at the Deutsche Oberrealschule Windhoek. From 1963 to 1964 he was an Asst. Managing Director, Auto Holdings Ltd., from 1965 to 1968 he was the Director of Windhoek Universal Motors and from 1968 to 1971 Managing Director of Universal Motors, then the Stores Superintendent of the power supplier SWAWEK.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Businessman

Married to: Margarete Klöpfer, née Seygarth, married 1945-
Father: Karl Wilhelm Klöpfer
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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000214
Knab, Johann Georg
* 27.01.1799 at Blaubeuren, Germany
+ 27.11.1878
---
Johann Georg Knab was born on 27.01.1799 at Blaubeuren in Germany. He was a Rhenish missionary who was stationed at Ebenezer in South Africa from 1834 until 1835, and then at Stellenbosch from 1837 until 1857, when he retired. He was married twice: to Wilhelmina Neethling (23.05.1841 to 27.03.1852), four children, and to Johanna du Preez (19.10.1853), no children. He died on 27.11.1878.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Wilhelmina Knab, née Neethling (-1852), married 1841-1852
Johanna Knab, née du Preez, married 1853-


RAW DATA: Vergissmeinnicht 1893:13;

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000567
Knauer, Jacob
* 01.11.1827 at Neuhoffnungsthal, Russia
---
Jacob Knauer was born on 01.11.1827 at Neuhoffnungsthal (Baltics) in Russia. He worked as a Rhenish missionary in Berseba from 1860 until 1863. On 10.04.1863
the Rhenish mission station Gibeon (Khaxa-tsûs) was founded. Its first missionary was Jacob Knauer (until 27.11.1867) who built the Rhenish Church in 1863. Knauer was followed by Johannes Olpp (1868-1879). In 1868 he left the Rhenish Missionary Society and returned to his homeland.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

RAW DATA: Hahn 1984/85:1269; Tabler 1973:64; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia_Hardap_Gibeon_1.jpg (121419 bytes)Namibia_Hardap_Gibeon_3.JPG (60734 bytes)Namibia_Hardap_Gibeon_2.JPG (77407 bytes)
Copyright of Photos: Dr. Klaus Dierks (Gibeon)

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000960
Knight, Desmond John
* 30.04.1934 at Cape Town, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1963
---
Desmond John Knight was born on 30.04.1934 at Cape Town in South Africa. He was educated at Cape Town. He came to Namibia in 1963. He was a director of various companies in the building trade.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Businessman

Married to: Jennifer Jean Knight, née Kruger, married 1971-
Father: Alfred William Knight
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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000961
Knight, Ronald Alfred
* 08.11.1932 at Cape Town, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1958
---
Ronald Alfred Knight was born on 08.11.1932 at Cape Town in South Africa. He was educated at Cape Town. He came to Namibia in1958. He was a director of various companies in the building trade.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Businessman

Married to: Sylvia Knight, née Noble, married 1953-
Father: Alfred William Knight
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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000215
Knudsen, Hans-Christian
* 18.03.1818 at Bergen, Norway
+ 26.05.1863 at Hatfjelddalen, Norway
First entry to Namibia: 1842
Last departure from Namibia: 1849
---
Hans-Christian Knudsen was born on 18.03.1818 at Bergen in Norway. He joined the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1836 after completing his training as artist and lithographer in Norway. He was sent to South Africa in 1841, and started work at Bethany in 1842,
together with Johannes Hendrik Bam, brother of Schmelen’s second wife, supported by Jan Boois. He drew up the first legal code for the Nama of Bethany, Berseba and Rehoboth. On 06.07.1844 Knudsen reported on Jonker Afrikaner’s road building activities in the Auas Mountains, south of Windhoek and the Northern Bay Road to Walvis Bay. In 1845 the first school book in the Nama language is printed by him. While on a visit to Norway, he married Elise Christiansen on 03.05.1848. They had two children. Having been banished from the Bethany mission station by Chief David Christian Frederiks (||Naixab) in 1849, he left Bethany. Against the wishes of Captain David Frederiks of Bethany, the Goliath Nama (the group’s elected headman being Paul Goliath or #Hobexab, assisted by Christoph Tibot (his predecessor was |Aiob ||Êi-gaosenmab or Dirk Isaak: no dates could be traced)) moved to !Autsawises from Gulbrandsdalen, which was named by Hans-Christian Knudsen and situated east of Bethany. After Knudsen had left Bethany, he worked briefly in Tulbagh and other Rhenish mission stations in the northern Cape (1852-1854). In 1854, he laid down his ministry and returned to Norway, where he worked as an itinerant preacher until his death. Knudsen also followed his artistic vocation while in Namibia. Several of his drawings were published in mission magazines, including the only known portrait of Jonker Afrikaner. He died on 26.05.1863 at Hatfjelddalen in Norway.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Elise Knudsen, née Christiansen (-1858), married 1848-1858


RAW DATA: Lau 1985:V1270; Tabler 1972:664; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001606
Koch, Charles, Dr.
*
---
Biologist, founder of the Namib Desert Research Station at Gobabeb.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: SCI

Namibia National Archives Database

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000659
Koch, Ludwig
[Kock, Ludwig - erroneous spelling]
*
---
Ludwig Koch was apparently an agent for Lüderitz in 1885. He was a landing agent and representative of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft für Südwestafrika in Walvis Bay in 1891.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Esterhuyse 1968:94-95; Bülow 1891:36;

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000962
Kock, Rolf
* 10.04.1910 at Windhoek
---
Rolf Kock was born on 10.04.1910 at Windhoek. He was educated at Windhoek, Bloemfontein and in Germany. During World War II, he was interned in Andalusia in South Africa. He was a businessman, proprietor of Kock & Schmidt. He edited a memorial volume on the internment of German speaking Namibians and Germans in Andalusia.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS
Profession: Businessman

Married to: Elisabeth Kock, née Frost, married 1935
Father: Johannes Kock
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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000966
Kohler, Josef, Prof.
* 09.03.1849
---
Joseph Kohler was born on 09.03.1849. He was a law professor in Würzburg (1878-1888) and Berlin (1888- ). He researched on customary law and designed a questionnaire on customary law ("Fragebogen über die Rechte der Eingeborenen in den deutsche Kolonien") which was distributed in all German colonies. The answers written down by various colonial officials and missionaries in Namibia are today an important historical source.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: LAW
Profession: Jurist

RAW DATA: Dt.Koloniallexikon;

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000568
Köhler, August
* 30.09.1858 at Eltville, Germany
+ 11.20.1902 in Togo
First entry to Namibia: 1891
---
August Köhler was born on 30.09.1858 at Eltville in Germany. He studied law. He was a Referendar in 1882 and a  Regierungsassessor in 1889. In 1891 he was employed by the Kolonialabteilung des Auswärtigen Amtes and was sent to Namibia as Judge. During Von François' frequent absences from Windhoek, he acted as his deputy. He seems to have left Namibia at the same time as Von François. Köhler subsequently pursued his career in the colonial service in Togo, becoming governor of that colony in 1896, and died there in 1902.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: LAW
Profession: Lawyer

RAW DATA: Dt.Koloniallexikon; Lau 1995:240; Handbuch 1894:123, 1896:128; Esterhuyse 1968:169; Lenssen 1994:274;

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000964
Köhler, Helmold
* 01.11.1924 at Hamburg, Germany
---
Helmold Köhler was born on 01.11.1924 at Hamburg at Germany. He was educated at Hamburg. He came to Namibia 1952 as a master goldsmith and jeweller. He later shifted his goldsmith business to Cape Town in South Africa.
---
Gender: m
Profession: Goldsmith

Married to: <2>Annemarie Köhler, née Hough, married 1970-
Father: Anton Köhler
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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000963
Köhler, Oswin, Prof.
* 14.10.1911 at Tiefthal near Erfurt, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1955
---
Oswin Köhler was born on 14.10.1911 at Tiefthal near Erfurt in Germany. He went to school at Erfurt. He studied African languages at the University of Berlin and obtained his Dr.-Phil. in 1948. He taught at the Humboldt University in Berlin, the University Hamburg and the University Köln. From 1954 to 1955 he was a government ethnologist in Pretoria, from 1955 to 1957 he was a government ethnologist in Windhoek, where he compiled ethnographical surveys of several districts. As from November 1957, he taught again at the University Köln and established the Seminar für Afrikanistik. He was Ordinarius from 1962 until his retirement 1977. His later research focused in particular on the ethnography and language of the Kxoë people along the Okavango River in the eastern Kavango Region (around Andara).
---
Gender: m
Profession: Ethnographer and linguist

Married to: Ruth Köhler, née Litzrodt
RAW DATA: Namibiana 10;

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001609
Körner, August
*
---
August Körner was born in America of German-speaking parents. He was one of the first German settler farmers in Namibia, allegedly since the 1860s. He was married to a "black" woman.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR
Profession: Farmer

Collections/Papers:
1). NAN: A.144 (Prospecting license)
RAW DATA: H.v.Francois: Nama und Damara:121; Tabler 1973:65;

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000965
Koert, Willi, Dr.
* 01.02.1875 at Hamburg, Germany
---
Willi Koert was a geologist. He chaired of the "Geologische Zentralstelle für die Deutschen Schutzgebiete". He was never in Namibia.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: SCI
Profession: Geologist

RAW DATA: Deutsches Koloniallexikon;

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001610
Koivu, Kalle
* in Finland
---
Finnish missionary.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Namibia National Archives Database

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000569
Kok, Christian
*
---
Christian Kok was the bearer of high office under Hendrik Witbooi. The Kok family was in leadership positions among the Witboois since at least 1871.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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000570
Kok, Jan
*
---
Jan Kok was a church elder in Gibeon outstations. He joined Hendrik Witbooi's move to the north in 1885. His old debts to trader Gamble were taken over by Witbooi in 1889.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Lau 1995:240; Quellen 17:18.7.1885;

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000732
Kok, Klaas
*
---
Klaas Kok appears in Hendrik Witbooi's "Debt Book" as a debtor to Gamble in 1869, whose debts were taken over by Witbooi in 1889.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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000216
Kolbe, Friedrich Wilhelm
* 02.11.1821 at Gütersloh, Germany
+ 31.12.1899 at Cape Town, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1848
Last departure from Namibia: 1852
---
Friedrich Wilhelm Kolbe was born on 02.11.1821 at Gütersloh in Germany. He was originally trained as a book-printer. He came to Namaland in 1848 and worked at Otjikango
(23.04.1848-1851), Okahandja (1850) and Otjimbingwe (1851-1852). Kolbe established a mission station at Okahandja in 1850, after Hahn’s unsuccessful attempt in 1844. On 23.08.1850 Jonker Afrikaner attacked Okahandja (against Chief Kahitjene and missionary Friedrich Wilhelm Kolbe) because he feared the loss of Orlam Afrikaner control. The Okahandja mission station was destroyed and Kolbe left Damaraland permanently in 1852). He also left the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1852 to join the Congregational Church in the Cape Colony in South Africa. From 1853 until 1856 he was a missionary of the London Missionary Society at George, but moved to the Paarl in the Cape Colony in South Africa in 1857 as a missionary of the Zionskerk. He stayed there until 1877, when he moved to Cape Town owing to ill health. Kolbe had a keen linguistic interest. He published the first English-Otjiherero dictionary (Cape Town 1883) and articles on the grammar of Bantu languages. He was married Isabella Maria Elliott, daughter of the missionary William Elliot, in 1849. He died on 31.12.1899 at Cape Town.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Isabella Maria Kolbe, née Elliott (1830-1893), married 1849-


RAW DATA: Lau 1985:V1270; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000217
Kolbe, Isabella Maria
[Elliott, Isabella Maria - birth name]
* .1830 at Cape Town, South Africa
+ .1893 at Cape Town, South Africa
---
Daughter of missionary William Elliot; married Friedrich Wilhelm Kolbe in 1849.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Friedrich Wilhelm Kolbe (1821-1899), married 1949-


RAW DATA: Sibree 1923:22;

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002166
Kooper, Markus, Rev., Kai||khaun Leader (Red Nation)
*
+
---
Markus Kooper is the spiritual leader of the Kai||khaun or Red Nation at Hoachanas as from the 1950s. In 1956
the International Court of Justice in The Hague continued to deal with the SWA problem in an advisory capacity. It confirmed the UN General Assembly’s right to adopt resolutions on SWA, and to grant oral hearings to petitioners (Sam Nujoma, Michael Scott, Mburumba Kerina (Getzen), Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Hans Beukes, Markus Kooper (from Hoachanas), Ismael Fortune, Jacob Kuhangua and Hosea Kutako). This gave new impetus to the political socialisation and consciousness of "black" leaders in Namibia. In 1959 Reverend Markus Kooper rejected South African plans to evict the Kai5khaun (Red Nation) from Hoachanas and to resettle them at Aminuis and Tses. Led by Kooper, the Kai||khaun protested any forced removal by the authorities to the "Bantustan or homeland", called Namaland. Bolstered by him, the Hoachanas people showed their resolute attitude by hurling rocks at low-flying war planes of the South African Air Force. Consequently the South African authorities forced Kooper to move to Itsawisis in the Tses Reserve. In January 1960 the South West Africa United National Independence Organisation (SWAUNIO) was constituted by David Gertze to oppose SA’s "homeland policy". Reverend Markus Kooper from Hoachanas represented SWAUNIO as a petitioner at the UN (again in 1965 and 1967). At the end Kooper's resolved attitude became so hardened, that no threat could deter the Kai||khaun and they stayed at Hoachanas, defying the South African Bantustan plans to evict them.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL REL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia_Hardap_Hoachanas_4.JPG (115108 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks

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002164
Kooper, Matheus, Kai||khaun Captain (Red Nation)
*
+ .1986 at Hoachanas
---
Matheus Kooper was the Captain of the Kai||khaun or Red Nation at Hoachanas between 1948 and 1986. He was the sixteenth in the genealogy of the Kai||khaun. He died at Hoachanas in 1986 and was followed by Petrus Simon Moses Kooper (1986-).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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002165
Kooper, Petrus Simon Moses, Kai||khaun Captain (Red Nation)
*
+
---
Petrus Simon Moses Kooper was the Captain of the Kai||khaun or Red Nation at Hoachanas. He was sworn in on 03.12.1988. He is the son of Rev. Markus Kooper. He is the seventeenth in the genealogy of the Kai||khaun. He followed Matheus Kooper who died in 1986.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia_Hardap_Hoachanas_5.JPG (111250 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks

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000571
Koopman, Albert
*
---
Albert Koopman was a messenger between Hendrik Witbooi and Maharero, obviously from Rehoboth and acting on instruction from Baster leaders.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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000937
Koorts, Alwyn Jacobus
* 26.11.1937 at Prince Albert, Cape Province, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 01.04.1966
---
Alwyn Jacobus Koorts was born on 26.11.1937 at Prince Albert in the Cape Province in South Africa. He was educated at Lailangsburg and the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa. He came to Namibia in 1966. He was a businessman in the transport industry and Manager of Suidwes Lugdiens.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS POL
Profession: Businessman

Married to: Joan Koorts, née Meyer, married 1966-
Father: Alwyn Jacobus Koorts
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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002151
Koper, Piet, !Khara-khoen Captain (Fransman Nama)
[Kopper, Piet - alternative spelling]
[Cooper, Piet - alternative spelling]
[Kooper, Piet - alternative spelling]

[Franzman, Piet - alternative spelling]
[Fransman, Piet - alternative spelling]
[!Gamab - Nama name]
*
+ 15.06.1863 at Otjimbingwe
---
Piet Koper (!Gamab) was the Captain of the !Khara-khoen (or Fransman Nama) from 1854 until June 1863. He succeeded the !Khara-khoen Captain Willem Franzman who died of dysentery in February 1854. During the Namaland conflicts in the 1850s Piet Koper was, together with Hendrik Henricks of the ||Hawoben (Veldschoendrager), an ally of Jonker Afrikaner of the Orlam Afrikaners. In January 1858 he was one of the signatories of the Hoachanas Peace Accord. Piet Koper was killed in the battle of Otjimbingwe against "Andersson's Private Army" as an ally of the Orlam Afrikaners (Christian Afrikaner) on 15.06.1863. His successor was Simon Koper (!Gomxab) from 1863 until 1909.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000273
Koper, Simon, !Khara-khoen Captain (Fransman Nama)
[Kopper, Simon - alternative spelling]
[Cooper, Simon - alternative spelling]
[Kooper, Simon - alternative spelling]
[!Gomxab - Nama name]
*
+ 31.01.1913 in British Bechuanaland (present-day Botswana)
---
Simon Koper (!Gomxab) was the Captain of the !Khara-khoen (or Fransman Nama) from 1863 until 1909. In the mid-1850s
the arrival of European miners intensified various conflicts between Jonker Afrikaner and other Namaland chiefs, such as 5Oaseb of the Kai5khaun and Willem Swartbooi (!Huiseb #Haobemab) from Rehoboth. Jonker had Hendrik Henricks (or !Nanib gaib #Arisemab) of the 5
Hawoben and Piet Koper !Gamab (his predecessor was Willem Franzman who died in February 1854) of the Fransman Nama or !Khara-khoen as allies. On 15.06.1863 Christian Afrikaner, supported by 5Oaseb, Piet Koper !Gamab of the Fransman Nama and the 5Hawoben leader Karl Hendrik (Ses, or !Nanib karib #Arisemab or *Heiguxab), brother of Hendrik Henricks (!Nanib gaib #Arisemab), was defeated by Andersson’s "private army" in the battle of Otjimbingwe, which marked the beginning of the erosion of Orlam Afrikaner power. They lost more than one third of their men. Christian Afrikaner and Piet Koper were killed. Piet Koper !Gamab was followed by Simon Koper (!Gomxab).

For many years Simon Koper (!Gomxab) tried to establish a permanent settlement in liaison with a Rhenish missionary, succeeding only in 1889 when Gibeon's missionary Heinrich Friedrich Gottlieb Rust became available and moved to Gochas. In March 1894 Koper signed a Protection Treaty with the Germans in Gochas, relenting under strong military pressure from the newly arrived Theodor Leutwein.

In 1904 Simon Koper (!Gomxab) was one of the first to join Hendrik Witbooi in his renewed war against the Germans (German Nama War 1903-1913). The !Gami-#nun under Jakob Marengo and Johannes Christian (300-400 armed men), the 5Hawoben under Jan Hendrik (150-200 armed men), the Fransman or !Khara-khoen Nama under Simon Koper (600-700 armed men), the Bethany Nama under Cornelius Frederiks (300-400 armed men) and the Kai5khaun under Manasse !Noreseb from Hoachanas (90-100 armed men) united behind Hendrik Witbooi in their resistance struggle against the Germans. Only the *Hai-*khauan of Berseba (Christian Goliath), the Herero-Orlams (Kahumba Kakahito or Jan Apollus (chief since 1902)) of Vaalgras/Koichas and the Kharo-!oan of Keetmanshoop (Chief Tseib) did not participate. Leutwein reported later that this was due to the influence of the Rhenish missionaries. Simon Koper achieved considerable fame by his protracted and determined guerrilla fight against the German forces, continuing even from Bechuanaland until 1909.

On 07.01.1905 the battle of Swartfontein was fought between Simon Koper and Major von Lengerke. On 28.01.1905 a skirmish between Simon Koper and the Germans took place at Urikuribis (!Uri!Khorobes) in the Auob Valley, north of Gochas. On 07.04.1905 the Germans under Captain Manger attacked the united Nama forces under Hendrik Witbooi and Simon Koper at Nanibkobis, near the Koaeib River (present-day Olifant’s River). Witbooi Nama Headman Salomon Saal died of thirst after the battle. On 13.05.1905 Major von Estorff attacked the united Nama forces under Hendrik Witbooi and Simon Koper at Mukorob. Four days later the battle of Auob was fought between Von Estorff and the Witbooi and Fransman Nama. On 29.10.1905 Hendrik Witbooi was killed in action in the battle of Vaalgras (Koichas). He died 15 minutes after being shot on horseback. Petrus Jod (born 27.12.1863) was also killed. Hendrik Witbooi was succeeded by his son, Isaak Witbooi, also called "!Nanseb #Kharib !Nansemab". Isaak moved to Naosanabis (present-day Leonardville which during the South African era was renamed after the Dutch Reformed Church Minister Leonard). Jakob Marengo (Bondelswarts, Ovaherero and other communities), Cornelius Frederiks (Bethany Nama) and Simon Koper (Fransman Nama) continued the fight against the Germans. On 17.12.1905 the battle of Toasis, south of Aminuis, was fought between Simon Koper and the Germans under Major von der Heyde. Captain Kliefoth was killed.

In March 1907 Chief Simon Koper was forced to surrender but in May 1907 continued the fight until March 1908. On 26.08.1907 Captain von dem Hagen co-ordinated the German troops with the British ones in Cape Town. It was decided to mount a common action against Jakob Marengo on 01.09.1907 in order to prevent Jakob Marengo from uniting his forces with those of Simon Koper. After the death of Jakob Marengo in September 1907, Simon Koper continued the struggle against the German Schutztruppe. On 11.01.1908 a skirmish took place between the Fransman or !Khara-khoen Nama under Simon Koper and the Germans at !Nanib at the Auob River. On 08.03.1908 a battle took place between the Germans and a Nama unit led by Simon Koper at Kubub, north of Koes. On 16.03.1908 Simon Koper escaped after the German troops killed most of his followers in British Bechuanaland. German Commander Friedrich von Erckert was killed in the battle of Seatsub. One of the sons of Hendrik Witbooi, Klein-Hendrik, participated in the battle but got away back to SWA. There he was taken prisoner and kept in Grootfontein. On 21.06.1910 he was deported with some surviving Nama to the German colony of Cameroon (Dschang). Most of the Nama died there or were executed. On 08.03.1913 the German Parliament (Reichstag) intervened. The last surviving Nama, together with Klein-Hendrik Witbooi, returned to SWA. Klein-Hendrik disappeared in the area of Otjiwarongo.

The unsuccessful raid on Koper in March 1908, which contravened international law by taking place in the (then British) Bechuanaland at Seatsub, and led to the death in combat of Erckert, became famous in Germany through two literary adaptations by Hans Grimm and Fritz von Unruh.

In February 1909, the Bechuanaland police struck a deal with Simon Koper to cease hostilities on the payment of an annual pension, although supporters of Simon Koper continued the struggle against the Germans until 1913. On 31.01.1913, Koper died in Bechuanaland.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Dt.Koloniallexikon; Lau 1995:240; Drechsler 1980:203ff.; Drechsler 1966:passim; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia_Hardap_Gochas_Cemetry_5.JPG (123193 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks

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000909
Kopetzky, Uwe
* 22.03.1937 at Lübeck, Germany
+ 13.05.2002 at Oamites
---
Uwe Kopetzky was born on 22.03.1937 at Lübeck in Germany. He came to Namibia in 1950 at the age of 13 with his mother and sister, who settled at Oamites. He studied geology, chemistry and art in Pretoria. He qualified and worked as a geologist for two years in South Africa, then returned to Namibia to farm and paint at Oamites. He established an artists' group "Die Neuen" with five other Namibian artists. He was murdered in a robbery at his farm on 13.05.2002.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ART
Profession: Artist

RAW DATA: Obituary: AZ 21.05.2002;

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001611
Korasib, Markus
[!Gorasib, Markus - alternative spelling]
*
---
Damara King 1946.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: TRA

RAW DATA: Schlosser 1958:123;

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001612
Kossack
*
---
Non-commissioned officer of the Schutztruppe. Flogged an African to death in September 1901.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:156;

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001613
Kou-goa-ob
[Xkou-goa-xob - alternative spelling]
*
---
A Namibian San whose life story was recorded and translated in the 1930s by missionary Unterkötter.
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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000938
Kovensky, Aron David
* 02.04.1910 at Beaconsfield, South Africa
---
Aron David Kovensky was born on 02.04.1910 at Beaconsfield in South Africa. He was educated at Kimberley. He came to Namibia in 1945. He was a businessman. He was the Managing Director of SWA Amalgamated Auctioneers and director of various companies in the entertainment and farming sectors.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

Married to: Doreen Kovensky, née Slobedman, married 1941-
Father: Julius Kovensky
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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000969
Kozonguizi, Fanuel Jariretundu
* 26.01.1932 at Windhoek
+ 01.02.1995 at Windhoek
---
Fanuel Jariretundu Kozonguizi was born on 26.01.1932 at Windhoek. He obtained his Matric during 1953 in South Africa. Early in 1954
grievances of contract labourers against the illegal confiscation of goods at a road block at Namutoni were focussed on by an early spokesperson for contract labourers and later SWAPO leader, Eliazer Tuhadeleni. He was supported by an Anglican priest, Theophilus Hamutumbangela. After there was no reaction by the SWA Administration, Hamutumbangela directed a petition to the United Nations. Hamutumbangela continued his political work with leaders such as Sam Shafiishuna Nujoma (until  Hamutumbangela's deportation from his parish Onekwaya in Ovamboland to Windhoek, 1957. Sam Nujoma and Jariretundu Kozonguizi influenced the "Anglican Bishop of Damaraland", Vincent, to convince the South Africans to allow Hamutumbangela to return home (beginning 1958)). Nujoma and Kozonguizi were successful in organising Hamutumbangela’s return. Kozonguizi was the co-founder of the SWA Student's Organisation at Fort Hare in South Africa in 1954. He studied history, psychology and law at Fort Hare and Cape Town. In 1956 the International Court of Justice continued to deal with the SWA problem in an advisory capacity. It confirmed the UN General Assembly’s right to adopt resolutions on SWA, and to grant oral hearings to petitioners (Michael Scott, Mburumba Kerina (Getzen), Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Hans Beukes, Markus Kooper, Sam Nujoma, Ismael Fortune, Jacob Kuhangua and Hosea Kutako). This gave new impetus to the political socialisation and consciousness of "black" leaders in the territory. On 02.08.1957 the Ovamboland People’s Congress (OPC) was launched by Herman Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo in Cape Town (in formal terms the OPC was never constituted). Among the founding members were Simon "Mzee" Kaukungua, Eliazer Tuhadeleni (Kaxumba kaNdola), Peter Hilinganye Mweshihange, Solomon Mifima, Maxton Joseph Mutongulume, Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Emil Appolus, Andreas Shipanga, Ottiliè Schimming and Kenneth Abrahams. In December 1958 Herman Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo succeeded in sending a petition to the United Nations, with the assistance of Mburumba Kerina and Michael Scott. Consequently he was deported from Cape Town, first to Keetmanshoop and Windhoek and later to Ovamboland, where he was placed under house arrest in his home village Oniipa. On the way from Cape Town to Keetmanshoop, Toivo was accompanied by Jariretundu Kozonguizi. In Keetmanshoop they entered into discussions with a newly formed organisation, the Society for the Advancement of the African People in South West Africa (SAAPSWA). They tried to persuade the SAAPSWA leader Philip Musirika to launch a new party, the Namaland People’s Congress, but nothing came of it. In 1959 the Herero Chiefs’ Council sent Hans Beukes and Jariretundu Kozonguizi to the UN as representatives of a future independent Namibia. Kozonguizi petitioned at the United Nations and served as SWANU President until 1966 (SWANU was officially founded on 27.09.1959). In April 1960 Sam Nujoma met Kozonguizi in Khartoum (Sudan). From there Nujoma travelled with Kozonguizi via Ghana to the USA. In July 1962 Kozonguizi and Kerina met in New York. They discussed the formation of a new party to unify SWAPO and SWANU. The proposed name of the party was National Independence People’s Party (NIPP). In January 1966, during the Afro-Asian-Latin American People’s Solidarity Conference in Havana, the SWANU president, Kozonguizi, raised the issues of aid from external sources, the need for ideological purity and the need for independence from "imperialist" influences. Such criticism led ultimately to the OAU’s decision to withdraw its recognition of SWANU in 1968. It also played a role in the later decision of the United Nations General Assembly to recognise "SWAPO as the sole authentic voice of the Namibian people". Kozonguizi later practised as a lawyer in London. He returned to Namibia in 1976, where he served as legal advisor to Clemence Kapuuo and the Ovaherero delegation at the Turnhalle Conference. 1980 he headed the Interstate Department in the Office of the Administrator-General. In 1982 he became Director of the Minister's Council and in 1983 Director of Internal Liaison in the Department of Governmental Affairs in Namibia's Interim's Government. On 17.06.1985 he became the Minister of Justice, Information, Post and Telecommunication in the second Interim's Government of Namibia. In 1990, after the independence of Namibia, he was appointed as Ombudsman until his death on 01.02.1995 at Windhoek.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:284-285, 308, 369; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia_Khomas_Windhoek_OldLocation_4.JPG (124139 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks (Old Location Cemetery in Windhoek)

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000218
Kraai, Adam
*
---
Adam Kraai was Jonker Afrikaner's half-brother. His father, a "dependant" of Jonker, lived at the upper Fish River with his large following, and in the 1840s in Rehoboth. During the 1860s, he appears closely associated with the European traders.
---
Gender: m

Married to: Maria Kraai

Namibia National Archives Database

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000219
Kraai, Maria
*
---
Wife of Adam Kraai.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Adam Kraai

Namibia National Archives Database

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002317
Krabbenhoeft, Friedrich Wilhelm
* .1853 at Fockbek/Rendsburg, Germany
+ 02.01.1923 at Lüderitz
First entry to Namibia: before 1880 (?)
---
Friedrich Wilhelm Krabbenhoeft was born at Fockbek/Rendsburg in Germany in 1853. He moved to Namibia before 1880 (?) and established the trading house Krabbenhoeft and Lampe at Lüderitz. He was married to Lucie Krabbenhoeft née Forbes. She was a "coloured" woman from the Cape Colony in South Africa. Krabbenhoeft died on 02.01.1923 at Lüderitz.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

Married to: Lucie Krabbenhoeft, née Forbes


RAW DATA: AZ: 04.01.2004; Oral evidence by author

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002319
Krabbenhoeft, Johannes Wilhelm
*  20.09.1882 at Keetmanshoop

---
Johannes Wilhelm Krabbenhoeft was the son of Friedrich Wilhelm Krabbenhoeft who established the trading house Krabbenhoeft and Lampe at Lüderitz, and his wife Lucie Krabbenhoeft née Forbes. He was born on 20.09.1882 at Keetmanshoop. Due to the fact that his mother was a "coloured" woman from the Cape Colony in South Africa, he had later difficulties in the Schutztruppe during the German colonial period. No further data could be traced so far.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

RAW DATA: AZ: 04.01.2004; Oral evidence by author

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002318
Krabbenhoeft, Lucie née Forbes
*  at the Cape Colony in South Africa
+ 23.11.1948 at Dickdorn/Gibeon
---
Lucie Krabbenhoeft née Forbes was married to the German trader Friedrich Wilhelm Krabbenhoeft who established the trading house Krabbenhoeft and Lampe at Lüderitz. She was a "coloured" woman who hailed from the Cape Colony in South Africa. She died on 23.11.1948 at her farm Dickdorn near Gibeon.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: BUS AGR

Married to: Friedrich Wilhelm Krabbenhoeft


RAW DATA: AZ: 04.01.2004; Oral evidence by author

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000220
Krapohl, Engelbert
* 31.12.1830 at Jüchen, Germany
+ 30.05.1895 at Steinkopf, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1857
Last departure from Namibia: 1865
---
Engelbert Krapohl was born on 31.12.1830 at Jüchen in Germany. He was a Rhenish mission helper and trader who worked at Rooibank (Scheppmannsdorf) from 04.09.1857 until the arrival of Rhenish Missionary Friedrich Simon Eggert on 26.07.1859, when he was transferred to Gobabis. When Rhenish Missionary Friedrich Wilhelm Weber arrived there in 1860, Krapohl established a profitable trading business to counteract the activities of the brandy traders in the region. In 1865 he moved to the South African Cape Colony, where he established himself as a trader at Steinkopf. He was married to Johanna Morten from Gütersloh on 07.03.1857. He died on 0.05.1895 at Steinkopf.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

Married to: Johanna Krapohl, née Morten, married 1857-


RAW DATA: Lau 1989:305; Heese n.d.:95; Vergissmeinnicht 1893:37; v.Schumann; Faulenbach; Tabler 1973:65;

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001614
Krauel, Driedrich Richard, Dr.
* 13.01.1848 at Lübeck, Germany
+ .1918
---
Driedrich Richard Krauel was a Kolonialdirigent in the German Foreign Office, from 1885 until 30.06.1890. He was a Professor of international law in 1904.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ADM

RAW DATA: Dt.Koloniallexikon; Drechsler 1966:71, 333-334; Hubatsch;

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000221
Kreft, Hermann Heinrich
* 17.05.1826 at Wallenbrück, Germany
+ 03.05.1878 at Grootfontein South (north of Bethany)
First entry to Namibia: 1852
---
Hermann Heinrich Kreft was born on 17.05.1826 at Wallenbrück in Germany. Initially trained as a farm hand, he was sent by the Rhenish Missionary Society as a teacher to Bethany in 1852. In 1854
he mentioned that he and Krönlein had finished translating Luther’s Catechism into the Nama language (completed in 1857). Kreft was ordained as a missionary in 1856 at Bethany, Early in 1859 he commenced the construction of a church in Bethany. On 26.06.1859 Kreft consecrated the new church. Bethany Chief David Christian Frederiks contributed financially. He remained at the missionary station until 1878. He died on 03.05.1878 at Grootfontein (South) and was buried at Bethany. He was married twice: to Julie Seringhaus (23.07.1852-10.06.1867), six children, and to Magdalene Hatje (on 17.05.1869), five children.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: <1>Julie Kreft, née Seringhaus, married 1852-1867
<2>Magdalene Kreft, née Hatje , married 1869-1878

Namibia_Karas_Bethany_7.JPG (86854 bytes)
Copyright of Photo Dr. Klaus Dierks

RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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000697
Kreft, Hermann Heinrich Gerhard, Dr.
* 18.06.1888 at Tulbagh, South Africa
+ 23.06.1981 at Rondebosch, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1923
Last departure from Namibia: 1935
---
Hermann Heinrich Gerhard Kreft was born on 18.06.1888 at Tulbagh in South Africa, as son and grandson of Rhenish missionaries. He graduated as a teacher from the Normal College, Cape Town, in 1905. He taught at George from  1907 to 1909, then attended the South African College at Cape Town and received a B.A. degree in 1909. He taught at Wynberg Boys High School and the S.A. College High School from 1910 until 1915. He was an Inspector of Schools at Aliwal North from 1916 to 1923. He was transferred to Namibia as Director of Education in 1923. In Windhoek, he served as Chairman of the founding committee of the Windhoek Public Library and as founding member (and from 1927-1934 as President) of the SWA Scientific Society. In this position, he also supervised the final editing of the "Dagboek van Hendrik Witbooi", published by the Van Riebeeck Society in 1929. In 1935, he left Namibia to serve as Director of Education in Transvaal until his retirement in 1948. Until his death on 23.06.1981, he lived in Claremont in the Cape Province.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: EDU
Profession: Teacher

Married to: Zikkie Kreft, née Oosthuizen (1921-)
Father: H. Kreft


RAW DATA: WWSA 1929/30; Mitt.NWG 43,4-6; biographical note in Journal SWA Scientific Society vol.18/19, pp.16-17; obituary in Journal vol.34/35 (not yet used for this entry);

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001615
Kremer, Friedrich
* 20.04.1864 at Essen, Germany
+ .1904
First entry to Namibia: 1891
---
Friedrich Kremer was born on 20.04.1864 at Essen in Germany. He was a missionary of the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft. He was sent to Namibia in 1891 and worked at Gaub. He died in 1904.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Emmi Kremer, née Weyel, married 1893-

Namibia National Archives Database

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000970
Kremer, Leonhard Hermann
* 13.10.1928 at Harsewinkel, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1971
---
German diplomat, served as German consul in Windhoek 1971 (?) -19??.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: DIP

RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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001616
Krenz, Friedrich
* in Germany
---
Friedrich Krenz was a Schutztruppe soldier from 1896 to 1899. He bought the farm Cauas (Outjo District) in 1900.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL AGR
Profession: Farmer

Married to: Mary Francis Krenz, née Talbot-Bowe
Children: Friedrich Karl Krenz (1901-1986)
Collections/Papers:
1). NAN: A.138 (Letter copybooks, correspondence, stock register, private photographs 1899-1922)
2). NAN: A.212 (Diaries 1932-1941)

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000971
Krenz, Friedrich Karl
[Krenz, Friedel - colloquial]
* 02.05.1901 at Farm Cauas (Outjo District)
+ .1986
---
Friedrich (Friedel) Karl Krenz was born on 02.05.1901 at the farm Cauas (Outjo District). He was educated in Malchin (Germany) and Windhoek. In 1922 he bought the farm Gross-Tsaub near Franzfontein. He was a local historian, researched in ethnology and Namibian languages, in particular the Khoekhoegowab language. He died in 1986.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR
Profession: Farmer

Married to: Charlotte Krenz, née Nickel, married 1928-
Mother: Mary Francis Krenz, née Talbot-Bowe
Father: Friedrich Krenz

Namibia National Archives Database

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000020
Kreutzberger, Margarete
[Dumrese, Margarete - birth name]
* 20.06.1918 at Berlin, Germany
+ 19.04.2003 at Swakopmund
---
Margarete Kreutzberger (née Dumrese) was born on 20.06.1918 at Berlin in Germany. She emigrated to Namibia after her secondary school training. She was a house teacher on a farm and a hostel teacher at the Deutsche Höhere Privat Schule in Windhoek. She married the farmer Wilhelm Kreutzberger in 1943 and farmed on Okoguarri (Outjo District) until moving to Windhoek in 1958. She worked for the Surveyor-General's office, then for the Windhoek Municipality until her retirement in 1987. She moved to Swakopmund, where she was active in the Sam Cohen Library and took care of its archives department. Since 1960 she was a board member of the Deutscher Schulverein Windhoek, later also in the board of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Schulvereine (A.G.D.S.). She died on 19.04.2003 at Swakopmund.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: EDU

Married to: Wilhelm Kreutzberger, married 1943-
Father: Hans Dumrese

Namibia National Archives Database

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001617
Kriele, Eduard
* in Germany
---
Eduard Kriele was a Lutheran pastor and ninth mission inspector of the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft (until 1926).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Clergy

Namibia National Archives Database

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001618
Kriess, Fritz
* in Germany
---
Trader and farmer.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: AGR BUS
Profession: Trader Farmer

Collections/Papers:
1). NAN: A.284 (Contract re conveyance of post between Gibeon and Maltahöhe, 1908)
RAW DATA: Grimm: Südwesterbuch;

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000982
Kritzinger, Michiel Jacob, Q.C.
* 27.05.1908 at Longkloof, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 11930
---
Michiel Jacob Kritzinger was born on 27.05.1908 at Longkloof in South Africa. He was educated at Malmesbury and Stellenbosch. He was an Advocate. He was a Member of the Legislative Assembly, Member of the Executive Council for SWA from 1945 to 1950. He was a Director of the United Building Society, Verenigde Pers, and other companies.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: LAW
Profession: Lawyer

Married to: Daphne Theresa Kritzinger, née Johnston, married 1942-
Father: Johan Daniel Wilhelm Kritzinger
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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001619
Kronawitter, Ms.
*
---
Ms. Kronawitter was a farmer's wife from Otjimbingwe. She was alleged to have been killed in the German-Ovaherero War 1904 by Ovaherero soldiers, an atrocity story which was later found untrue.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Charlotte Krenz, née Nickel, married 1928-
Mother: Mary Francis Krenz, née Talbot-Bowe
Father: Friedrich Krenz
RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:170;

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000222
Krönlein, Johann Georg
* 19.03.1826 at Seegnitz, Germany
+ 27.01.1892 at Wynberg, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1851
Last departure from Namibia: 1882
---
Johann Georg Krönlein was born on 19.03.1826 at Seegnitz in Germany. He was coming from a tanner's family. He first worked as a merchant and then joined the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft in 1846. He was trained as a missionary at Barmen in Germany. He arrived in South Africa in 1851, moved to Berseba in August that year as a successor to Samuel Hahn. He learned Nama with the help of Daniel Cloete and later became a renowned Nama linguist. He negotiated the settlement of the Witbooi in Gibeon (1862) with ||Oaseb !Na-khomab (Cornelius)(1840-1867). In 1865 he was at holiday in Germany, where he also prepared the printing of Nama language publications. He became the Preses of the Rhenish Missionary Society in Namaland from 1867 to 1877. He left Namaland in 1877 to work in Stellenbosch, but remained being involved in Namaland affairs, i.a. he was sent by the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1882 for political negotiations and was instrumental in the Peace Accord of Rehoboth in 1882. On 13.06.1882 the
Rhenish missionaries Diehl, Krönlein and Eich, together with the Ovaherero, manage to establish peace with most of the Nama groups, negotiating with Jakobus Isaak of Berseba, Manasse !Noreseb of Hoachanas and Hendrik "Kol" Windstaan of the Groot Doden. Krönlein moved to Wynberg as a pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in 1887. Krönlein published the first substantial Nama dictionary, which served as basis for all future lexicographic efforts in the language. He married Sophie Terlinden from Friemersheim on 30.11.1852. He died on 27.01.1892 at Wynberg in South Africa.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Sophie Krönlein, née Terlinden (1819-1898), married 1852-1892
Mother: Auguste Luise Karoline Krönlein, née Köllner
Father: Vitus Krönlein (1782-1834)


RAW DATA: P.Reiner 1992:422; Lau 1985:V1272; Vergissmeinnicht 1893:31; Rust 1965:67; Esterhuyse 1968:35f; Tabler 1973:65-66; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

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001620
Krönlein, Sophie

[Sophie Terlinden - birth name]
* 10.07.1819 at Repelen, Germany
+ 19.05.1898 at Wynberg, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1852
Last departure from Namibia: 1877
---
Sophie Krönlein, née Terlinden, was born on 10.07.1819 at Repelen in Germany. She was married with Rhenish Missionary Johann Georg Krönlein in 1852 and lived with him in Berseba (until 1877) and later in Stellenbosch and Wynberg (Cape Colony).
---
Gender: f

Married to: Johann Georg Krönlein (1826-1892), married 1852-1892
RAW DATA: Rust 1965:67;

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001621
Kronsbein, W.
* in Germany
---
Missionary of the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft in Namaland, 1895-1900.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Namibia National Archives Database

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000983
Kruger, Andries
* 03.12.1920 at Middelburg, South Africa
---
Andries Kruger was born on 03.12.1920 at Middelburg in South Africa. He was educated at Middelburg and UNISA in Pretoria. He was the Town Clerk of Tsumeb.
---
Gender: m

Married to: Christina Wilhelmina Krüger, née Terblanche, married 1968-
Father: Jan Hendrik Krüger
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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002023
Kruger, Hendrik
*
First entry to Namibia: 1761
Last departure from Namibia: 1762
---
Hendrik Kruger was one of the participants of Hendrik Hop's expedition to Namibia, 1761/62. He was the great-great-grandfather of President Paul Kruger (1825-1904) from Transvaal (Zuidafrikaanse Republiek).
---
Gender: m

Namibia National Archives Database

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000984
Krüger, Jacob Cloete
* 10.09.1914 at Ladybrand, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1943
---
Jacob Cloete Krüger was born on 10.09.1914 at Ladybrand in South Africa. He was educated at Dale College, Kingwilliamstown, and Technical College Durban. He was a pharmacist and came to Namibia 1943.
---
Gender: m
Profession: Pharmacist

Married to: Norma Krüger, née Millicent (-1956), married 1947-1956
Father: Cornelis Krüger
RAW DATA: WWSA 1959, 1974;

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001622
Krüger, Johannes
*
---
Kaptein of the Damara settlement at Gaub.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: TRA

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:185;

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001440
Krüger, Walther
* 30.04.1878
+ 14.09.1914
---
Schutztruppe officer.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL
Profession: Military officer

RAW DATA: Fischer 1935:222-223;

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000223
Krüger, Willem
*
---
Willem Krüger was a hunter of Griqua origin. He was a skilful elephant hunter who was with Todd and Lewis when they were attacked and plundered by Nama in 1866. During the 1870s, Krüger lived at the Waterberg, where he was chief of the Bergdama and protected them and the San (Bushmen). There, he also assisted Rhenish missionary Beiderbecke. He hunted elephants with much success north-east of Otavi in April 1875. He left the Waterberg in 1876 and moved to Gaub in the Tsumeb district.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Tabler 1972:66; Driessler 1932:102; Schatz; Vedder 1985:501; Stals 1991:xiv;

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000985
Krummeck, Neville Beaufort
* 31.08.1912 at Grahamstown, South Africa
First entry to Namibia: 1955
---
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

RAW DATA: WWSA 1959;

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000441
Krynauw, D.W.
*
First entry to Namibia: 1956
Last departure from Namibia: 1970
---
D.W. Krynauw served as the first professional archivist of the National Archives of Namibia (then the SWA Archives Depot) from 1956 to 1970. He organised the bulk of German colonial papers which were then housed in the basement of the "Tintenpalast" of the SWA Administration, and organised their transfer to the new Archives building in Lüderitz Street. He also served as Secretary of the National Monuments Commission, and was active in the search for shipwrecks on the Skeleton Coast. In 1970, he was transferred to Pretoria.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: HIS
Profession: Archivist
Functions: Head - SWA Archives Depot - 1956-1970

RAW DATA: AZ 24.11.1970, p.5 "Ein Stück Südwester Geschichte";

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000021
Kube, Sigrid
* in Germany

+ August 1994 at Windhoek/Namibia
First entry to Namibia: 1983
---
Sigrid Kube was born in Germany and had her childhood and schooling in Bavaria. She was a journalist for various German newspapers and magazines, with much travel in Africa. She came to Namibia in 1983 to work for the "Allgemeine Zeitung" and since 1985 for the "Namibia Nachrichten". After the demise of the "Namibia Nachrichten" in March 1992 she worked as a free-lance journalist. She died in August 1994 in Windhoek.
---'
Gender: f
Field of activity: Journalism
Profession: Journalist

Namibia National Archives Database

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001624
Kühhirt, Christian
* 21.10.1877 in Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1907
---
Christian Kühhirt was born on 21.10.1877 in Germany. He was a missionary of the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft. He came to Namibia in 1907. He was stationed at Keetmanshoop.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Helene Kühhirt, née Schubert, married 1907-

Namibia National Archives Database

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001626
Kuhles, Walther
* .1905
---
Missionary of the Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft in Namibia.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Namibia National Archives Database

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000988
Kuhlmann, August
* 25.12.1871 at Enger, Westfalen, Germany
+ .194? in Namibia
---
August Kuhlmann was born on 25.12.1871 at Enger in Westfalen in Germany. He came to Namibia in 1898 and was made responsible for missionising in the eastern parts of the country. He founded a mission station for the Tjetjo Ovaherero at Okazeva, where his first wife died. He married Elisabeth Dannert in January 1903 and returned to Okazeva, where they were surprised by the Ovaherero war of 1904. The family remained amongst the fleeing Ovaherero for seven weeks before they sought retreat with the German forces at Okahandja. When a camp ("Sammellager" or "Konzentrationslager") for Ovaherero was established at Omburo in 1905, Kuhlmann went there at the request of the Governor to convince Ovaherero hiding from the German forces to give themselves up. In October 1907 he was transferred to Omaruru to help missionary Dannert. He died in 1944 or 1945.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Rhenish missionary

Married to: <1> ? Kuhlmann
<2>Elisabeth Kuhlmann, née Dannert (1878-), married 1903-
Children: Erich Kuhlmann (-1905)
Werner Kuhlmann
Margarete Kuhlmann
Herbert Kuhlmann
Helmut Kuhlmann
Erika Kuhlmann
Irmgard Kuhlmann
Ingeborg Kuhlmann
Armin Kuhlmann
RAW DATA: Otto-Reiner 1991; Drechsler 1966:243,245,354-355; Afrikanischer Heimatkalender 1947:63-65;

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000990
Kuhlmann, Elisabeth
* .1878
+ in Namibia
---
Elisabeth Kuhlmann was the eldest daughter of Rhenish missionary Eduard Dannert and his wife Auguste. She married missionary August Kuhlmann in January 1903 to live with him at the Okazeva mission station, and accompanied him for weeks moving around with fleeing Ovaherero during the German Ovaherero War of 1904.
---
Gender: f

Married to: August Kuhlmann (1871-194?), married 1903-
Mother: Auguste Dannert, née Dahl
Father: Gustav Heinrich Eduard Dannert (1849-1924)
RAW DATA: Otto-Reiner 1991;

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000989
Kuhlmann, Friedrich
* .1908

---
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Rhenish missionary

Namibia National Archives Database

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000991
Kuhn, Philalethes, Prof. Dr.
* 13.09.1870 at Berlin, Germany
+ .1937
First entry to Namibia: June 1896
---
Philalethes Kuhn was born on 13.09.1870 at Berlin in Germany. He studied medicine in Berlin. He was a medical doctor in the German military service and came 1896 to Namibia. He served 1897/98 in the campaign against the Swartboois and the northwestern Ovaherero in the Grootberg area. From 1897 until 1900 he was "Distriktschef" of Grootfontein. He organised the German defence of Omaruru against Ovaherero troops in 1904. He left Namibia in 1905 (?) to serve until 1908 in the Schutztruppe headquarters in Berlin. From 1909 to 1911 he was active in the "Bakteriologische Abteilung des Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamtes" in Berlin. From 1912 until 1914 he was heading the military and civil medical services in Cameroon. He retired from military service in 1914 to teach at the Strasbourg University. - Kuhn published on immunology and epidemiology as well as popular articles, he wrote a health guide for German South West Africa, and edited the "Taschenbuch für Südwestafrika", an annual compilation of statistics, directory, and law.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MIL MED
Profession: Medical doctor
Functions: Distriktschef - Grootfontein - 1897-1900

Collections/Papers:
1). NAN: A.281
RAW DATA: Dt.Koloniallexikon;

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001623
Kuhnle, Wilhelm, Dr.
* 07.11.1884 at Stuttgart, Germany
---
Wilhelm Kuhnle was born on 07.11.1884 at Stuttgart in Germany. He studied medicine in Berlin. He was a medical practitioner and ophthalmic surgeon. He came to South Africa (Namibia?) in 1911. He had a medical practice in Karibib.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: MED
Profession: Medical practitioner

Father: Wilhelm Kuhnle
RAW DATA: WWSA 1929/30;

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002037
Kukenaar
*
---
Trader whose presence in Namibia is documented in August 1861.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Tabler 1973:66;

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001627
Kukuri, Chief
*
+ 08.1903 in Namibia
---
Kukuri was the Ovaherero Chief at Otjosazu. He died in August 1903.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: TRA

RAW DATA: Hedwig Irle;

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000992
Kukuri, Barmenas Rikurura
[Kukuri, Rick - short name]
* at Windhoek
---
Barmenas Rikurura Kukuri studied economics in South Africa and Britain. He returned to Namibia in 1989. He is the Deputy Minister of Finance from 1991 to 2004. Since then joined the African Development Bank in Tunis.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: The Namibian 22.22.1991;

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001625
Külbel, Ms.
*
---
Ms. Külbel was a farmer's wife from Oriambo (?). She was alleged to have been killed by Ovaherero soldiers in the German-Ovaherero War of 1904, an atrocity story which was later found untrue.
---
Gender: f

Married to: Charlotte Krenz, née Nickel, married 1928-
Mother: Mary Francis Krenz, née Talbot-Bowe
Father: Friedrich Krenz
RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:170;

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000986
Külz, Wilhelm, Dr.
* 18.02.1875 at Borna, Germany
+ .1948
First entry to Namibia: 1907
Last departure from Namibia: 1908
---
Wilhelm Külz was born on 18.02.1875 at Borna in Germany. He studied law and political science (doctorate). He was specialised in local administration. In 1904 he was Mayor of Bückeburg. He was sent to Namibia in 1907/08 by the Reichskolonialamt as a local government expert to recommend on the development of local self-government in the colony. He published several works about Namibia. Later he was the Mayor of Zittau, Lord Mayor of Dresden from 1931 until 1933, Member of the Reichstag and co-founder and chairman of the LDP (Liberaldemokratische Partei) in the German Democratic Republic. After World War Two he served as Minister of the Interior in the German Democratic Republic.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ADM POL

Children: Helmut R. Külz
Collections/Papers:
1). Bundesarchiv Koblenz (Personal papers, memoirs; political papers, including colonial matters)
2). Stadtarchiv Dresden? (Papers from his local government activity in Dresden)
3). Zentralarchiv der Liberaldemokratischen Partei Berlin-Ost [now probably Bundesarchiv, Stiftung Parteien...](Diaries 1945-1948)
4). family custody (1968 with son Helmut R. Külz)(Autobiography etc.)
RAW DATA: Mommsen 1,I; Dt.Koloniallexikon; Drechsler 1966:17, 309, 325, 362, 365-366;

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000022
Kuntze, Lisa
[Hasait, Lisa - birth name]
* 16.12.1909 at Dresden, Germany
+ 05.02.2001 at Otjiwarongo
---
Lisa Kuntze was born on 16.12.1909 in Dresden in Germany.She emigrated to Namibia after World War  Two with her Namibian-born husband Eberhard Kuntze to live on his farm Hillenhof near Otjiwarongo. She started writing for newspapers and the radio (SWABC: German Service), and published several children's and popular non-fiction books. She died on 05.02.2001 at Otjiwarongo.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: WRI

Married to: Eberhard Kuntze

Namibia National Archives Database

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001629
Kupfer, Martin
* 15.09.1883 at Berlin, Germany
First entry to Namibia: 1914
---
Martin Kupfer was born on 15.09.1883 at Berlin in Germany. He was educated in Berlin. He came to Namibia in 1914. He was a manufacturer, Town Councillor of Windhoek since 1924, Deputy Mayor 1927/28 and Member of the Avis Dam Commission.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: BUS

Married to: Bronislawa Kupfer, née Cholojewska, married 1914-
Father: Adolf Kupfer
RAW DATA: WWSA 1929/30;

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000224
Kupferbürger, Wilhelm
* 21.07.1835 at Egershausen, Germany
+ 21.05.1869 at Concordia, South Africa
---
Wilhelm Kupferbürger was born on 21.07.1835 at Egershausen in Germany. He was a Rhenish missionary at Pella (1862-1863) and Concordia (1863-1869). He married Friederike Schröder, daughter of the Rhenish missionary Johann Georg Schröder and his first wife, Wilhelmine, on 17.05.1864. They had four children. He died on 21.05.1869 at Concordia in South Africa.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary

Married to: Friederike Kupferbürger, née Schröder, married 11864-


Namibia National Archives Database

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001630
Kurirab
*
+ .1902 at Tsumamas
---
Church elder at Tsumamas, west of Outjo.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL

RAW DATA: JBRMG 1902:27;

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000718
Kürle, Adolf
* .1865
+ .1912
---
The sculptor Adolf Kürle (who apparently never visited Namibia) created the well-known German Rider Monument in Windhoek (as well as the colonial monument for Dar-Es-Salaam).
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: ART
Profession: Artist

Namibia National Archives Database

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000225
Kurvinen, Pietari
* in Finland
First entry to Namibia: 1869
Last departure from Namibia: 1874
---
Pietari Kurvinen was a Finnish missionary who landed at Walvis Bay together with five other Finnish missionaries (inter alia Martti Rautanen and Botolf Bernhard Björklund) and three mission assistants on 14.02.1869 on the request of Rhenish missionary Carl Hugo Hahn. He was a member of the party which left Otjimbingwe for Ovamboland on 27.05.1870. After a meeting with Ondonga King Shikongo sha Kalulu (1859-1874) at Omandongo on 08.07.1870, it was decided that Kurvinen should leave for the Uukwambi area together with Rautanen, Weikkolin and Piirainen, while the others remained behind in the Ondonga area. On 18.07.1871
Elim, the Finnish mission station in the Uukwambi area, was founded. The first missionaries there were Kurvinen (until 21.05.1872), Martti Rautanen and Piirainen, followed by Weikkolin. Kurvinen had to leave due to poor relations with Uukwambi King Nuyoma. His bride arrived at Otjimbingwe in April or May 1871, and they were married at the settlement shortly thereafter. He established the Bethel mission station in the Oniipa area in 1872, after having left the Uukwambi area. The station was abandoned four years later. The station was revived in 1888. In 1876 Kurvinen translated portions of the Bible into the Oshivambo language. In June 1876, the Kurvinens returned to Finland.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: REL
Profession: Missionary


RAW DATA: Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Namibia.Owambo.Oshikoto.Omandongo_1.jpg (70264 bytes)Namibia.Owambo.Oshikoto.Omandongo_3.jpg (62921 bytes)Namibia.Owambo.Oshikoto.Omandongo_2.jpg (92989 bytes)Namibia.Owambo.Oshikoto.Omandongo_4.jpg (122003 bytes)Namibia.Owambo.Oshikoto.Omandongo_5.jpg (90600 bytes)

Namibia.Owambo.Oshikoto.Omandongo_6.jpg (77257 bytes)Namibia.Owambo.Oshikoto.Omandongo_7.jpg (79874 bytes)
Copyright of Photos: Dr. Klaus Dierks (First Finnish mission station at Omandongo, 1870)

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000987
Küstner, Carla Cecilie
[Thiel, Carla Cecilie - birth name]
* 26.09.19?? at Windhoek
---
Educated at Windhoek and Univ. of Cape Town. Director of Thiel's Shoe Shop.
---
Gender: f
Field of activity: BUS

Father: Fritz Thiel
RAW DATA: WWSA 1974;

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00263
Kutako, Hosea, Ovaherero Chief
* .1870 at Okahurimehi
+ 18.07.1970 at Aminuis Reserve
---
Hosea Kutako was born in 1870 at Okahurimehi near present-day Kalkfeld. He participated in the 1904 German-Ovaherero War.
He defeated a German patrol under the command of Lieutenant von Bodenhausen in a skirmish waged between the Waterberg and Osondjache on 06.08.1904. Later he was wounded and held prisoner in Omaruru but managed to escape. After 1907 Kutako was employed as a teacher by the Rhenish Missionary Society but later became a worker in the Tsumeb mine.

Hosea Kutako was since 1917 Chief of the Ovaherero in Namibia, appointed by the South African authorities after the defeat of the German colonial administration during Word War One. On 20.07.1920 Frederick Maharero, oldest son of Samuel Maharero, was allowed to visit SWA. Missionaries reported that Maharero was collecting money from his father’s followers, so that a farm could be bought for Samuel Maharero. During the trip he appointed, on behalf of his father, Hosea Kutako as Acting Paramount Chief of the Ovaherero. In January 1922 the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) opened a branch office in Windhoek. Ovaherero leaders such as Hosea Kutako, Aron (John) Mungunda (brother of Kutako who had fought during World War One on the British side against the Germans in Tanganyika), Traugott Maharero (Chief of the Okahandja-Ovaherero) and Nikanor Hoveka, later appointed by the South Africans as chief of the Epukiro Reserve, were the dominating figures of UNIA in Windhoek. Similarly the Damara leaders Alpheus Harasemab and Franz Hoisemab played an important role. Samuel Maharero’s burial in Okahandja on 26.08.1923 – alongside his forefathers – was a gesture of defiance and a symbol of regained pride for the Ovaherero community. The leader of the funeral services was Hosea Kutako.

In 1924 the South African Prime Minister, General Hertzog, was confronted with a petition from chiefs such as Hosea Kutako, reflecting some immediate interests of the Africans. On 01.06.1925 Hosea Kutako was elected the senior leader of all Ovaherero and Chief of the Council of Headmen. He retained this position until his death in 1970. In 1936 conflicts arose between one of the Ovaherero military organisations, the "Otjiserandu", and the Advisory Board of the "black" township in Windhoek. Hosea Kutako was asked by the SWA Administration to intervene, but had no success. In August 1939 new conflicts arose between the "Otjiserandu" and Ovaherero leaders such as Hosea Kutako. Kutako requested the SWA Administration to order "Otjiserandu" members in Aminuis to leave the reserve. When they refused to comply, police evicted them by force. "Otjiserandu" were even seen displaying the German Nazi flag. This led to the banning of the wearing of uniforms and marching at the Okahandja ceremony.

In 1945 Hosea Kutako formed the Herero Chiefs’ Council, with the co-operation of Chief Frederick Maharero in exile in Botswana. Since then Kutako is regarded as the "father of modern Namibian nationalism". He spearheaded the modern independence movement of Namibia by petitioning directly and through Rev. Michael Scott to the United Nations. In April 1946 South Africa conducted a referendum in SWA. Namibians were tricked by asking them whether they would like to join the Chinese, the Russians or the British. Many indigenes clearly did not understand the political implications of the referendum, which resulted in a majority in favour of incorporation, especially in Ovamboland and the Kavango. The vote result was 208 850 in favour of incorporation and 33 520 against, while 56 700 people were not consulted. The groups voting against were the Nama, Dama and Ovaherero, i.e. the groups that suffered by far the most under German colonial rule. The UN General Assembly did not allow itself to be fooled by this "referendum". Opposition to incorporation came from various quarters.

Hosea Kutako (together with Nikanor Hoveka) was the first to petition the United Nations. Kutako favoured being placed under British trusteeship. He was, however, refused a passport by the SA authorities. He contacted Frederick Maharero in Bechuanaland to assist him in sending the petition. Maharero again contacted Thekedi Khama of Bechuanaland to help the Namibians in their plight. It is through Khama that the Anglican priest Michael Scott became involved as petitioner to the UN to oppose incorporation. Rev. Scott was later blacklisted by the South Africans and criticised by the Anglican Church and other ecclesiastical circles. Kutako’s petition was signed by Festus Kandjou. It is remarkable that this petition was sent on the fateful date of 26.08.1946 (for the Ovaherero: 26.08.1923)(20 years later, on 26.08.1966, SWAPO began the armed struggle against SA).

In 1949 Sam Nujoma moved to Windhoek to join his uncle Hiskia Kondombolo. With assistance from Aaron Hamutenya, father of Hidipo Hamutenya, he learned English at the St. Barnabas Night School. The school’s director was Berthold Himumuine, the real force behind Hosea Kutako. Nujoma became aware of the United Nations through Hosea Kutako. He met Hosea with help of Gabriel Mbuende, father of Kaire Mbuende, and Clemence Kapuuo. On 25.11.1950 a meeting between the Rhenish Missionary Society (Preses Diehl) and the Ovaherero parishes (Hosea Kutako) took place in Windhoek. The Ovaherero had high expectations of the outcome of this meeting, hoping it might change the future for their community and in fact for all Namibians. The slogan of the meeting was Ehi Retu (Our Country). Kutako declared that according to Ovaherero’s conception, the church, as national church, could not exist outside the rights of the people. The Rhenish Mission, however, maintained that a confusion of worldly affairs and spiritual matters would mean the end of missionary work. On 20.09.1952 the Okahandja Municipality demanded from Hosea Kutako that he would sign an undertaking that henceforth any other descendants of Maharero would be buried at other places than the historical grave side alongside Frederick’s forefathers (At the occasion of Frederick Maharero’s death (11.09.1952)(he was only permitted shortly before his death to return to his motherland). Thus Hosea Kutako and Clemence Kapuuo were later buried next to the grave of Jonker Afrikaner on the ground of the Rhenish Missionary Society. During August 1955 many Ovaherero left the Rhenish Mission to join the "Oruuano Movement" (Oruuano means in Otjiherero: Communion), which demanded the reallocation of land. The leader of the "Anti-Apartheid church" was one of the first Ovaherero to have been ordained by the Rhenish Mission in 1949, Reinhard Ruzo. Hosea Kutako played an important role in the formation of the "Oruuano Church". However, the Rhenish Mission regarded the Oruuano Church as a "new heathen sect" which was developed as a consequence of nationalist "confusion and false doctrine". In contrast to this attitude, Rhenish Missionary Werner Wienecke declared that "White missionaries that we are, we share the blame of our white brothers and sisters, who call themselves Christians".

In September 1958 Hosea Kutako and the leader of the Witbooi Nama, Hendrik Samuel Witbooi and his nephew (son of Markus Witbooi) Hendrik Witbooi again petitioned the United Nations. Consequently the Trusteeship Committee of the UN rejected a plan by the UN Good Offices Committee to divide SWA and to incorporate the southern portion of the territory into South Africa.

On 27.09.1959 the South West African National Union (SWANU) was officially launched at a public meeting in Windhoek with the backing of the Herero Chiefs’ Council under Hosea Kutako. The Council and Sam Nujoma supported Jariretundu Kozonguizi as president of SWANU (Kozonguizi remained president until 1966). Vice President was Uatja Kaukuetu. Further members of the executive office were: Sam Nujoma, Louis Nelengani and Emil Appolus (OPO), Uaseta Mbuha and John Muundjua (SWAPA), Isascar Kambatuku and Aaron Kapere (Herero Chiefs’ Council) and Augus Gariseb (Dama representative). Considerable confusion surrounded the relationships between different political organisations and especially between "traditionalist" and "intellectual" forces. As a consequence of the "Old Location Uprising" in December 1959, Hosea Kutako was involved into sending many Namibians into exile, this being organised jointly by SWANU and the Herero Chiefs’ Council. Kutako sent them to be trained as freedom fighters. In January 1960 the Ovambanderu (Mbanderu Council) of Epukiro and Aminuis managed to obtain SA’s recognition of their leader, Munjuku Nguvauva II, in the place of firstly Stephanus Hoveka and later Gerson Hoveka whose forefather, Nikanor Hoveka, was appointed by the German authorities as Chief of the Epukiro Reserve, (this position was later confirmed by SA). This is the cause of a long dispute over the Ovambanderu chieftaincy. Supporters of Hosea Kutako accused SWANU of trying to fragment the Ovaherero. Due to Kutako’s age (he was now 88 years old) it was decided that he should be assisted by a deputy chief, and Clemence Kapuuo was elected despite strong opposition from SWANU and the Ovambanderu (Mbanderu Council).

On 26.02.1960, at the request of the Herero Chiefs’ Council and OPO, it was decided that Sam Nujoma should join Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Mburumba Kerina and Michael Scott in their petitioning at the UN. Nujoma met Hosea Kutako for the last time. Kutako gave Nujoma his blessing and told him that he should be prepared to stay away for a long time and if necessary not to return until SWA had won genuine freedom and independence. The establishment of the SWAPO Party on 19.04.1960 by Sam Nujoma in New York, was welcomed by Hosea Kutako and the Herero Chiefs’ Council.

In 1964 the Odendaal Plan was rejected by Clemence Kapuuo, advisor to the Ovaherero Chief Hosea Kutako. The plan was also rejected by the leaders of the two Lutheran churches: Leonard Auala from the ELOC and Vice Preses Paulus ||Gowaseb and Secretary-General Günther Reeh from the ELC. On 25.09.1964 Hosea Kutako, Mburumba Kerina and Clemence Kapuuo established the traditionalist National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO). Kapuuo from the NUDO and Fritz Gariseb from the DEC opposed the South African Apartheid policy but advocated a federal type of government based on the old tribal regions. SWAPO (Nujoma) and SWANU (Kozonguizi) favoured a non-racial democracy based on universal franchise and on the ideology of Pan-Africanism. Both parties declined to join NUDO and joined the South West African Liberation Front (SWANLIF) instead. SWANLIF, however, failed after 1964 because the party was not able to link SWAPO and SWANU.

In 1970 the Association for the Preservation of the Tjamuaha-Maharero Royal House was founded by Jephta Maharero to dispute the legitimacy of Hosea Kutako’s successor, Clemence Kapuuo. The Association later joined the National Convention (NC), then SWANUF, and much later the Namibia National Convention (NNC). On 18.07.1970 Hosea Kutako died. He had asked in his last will to be buried alongside Jonker Afrikaner in Okahandja. On 20.07.1970 Clemence Kapuuo became his successor and Chief of the Ovaherero.
---
Gender: m
Field of activity: POL

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:284, 286-287; Segal 1963; Chronology of Namibian History, 2003 (Dierks);

Hosea-Kutako.jpg (46159 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Namibia National Archives

Namibia_Otjozondjupa_Okahandja_HereroDay2003_45.JPG (289574 bytes)
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks Grave of Hosea Kutako: Herero Day: August 2003

Khomas_Windhoek_Monument5.jpg (187907 bytes)Khomas_Windhoek_Monument6.jpg (141774 bytes)
Copyright of Photos: Dr. Klaus Dierks: Monument before the Parliament Building in Windhoek

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001061
Kutzner, Jochen
*
---
Jochen Kutzner was a teacher and headmaster of the German private school in Karibib. On 16 June 1986, he was appointed as an archivist at the National Archives of Namibia, and became Head of Archives in August 1997. He retired on 31.01.2003.
---
Gender: m
Profession: Archivist

Married to: Ursula Kutzner (-1999)
Children: Kai Kutzner

Namibia National Archives Database

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001632
Kysten, Samuel
*
---
One of Marengo's fighters, who was with him when surrendering to the Cape Police in May 1906.
---
Gender: m

RAW DATA: Drechsler 1966:360;

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