Chapter

6.0 A ROAD MAINTENANCE STRATEGY FOR THE STUDY AREA

6.1 UNPAVED ROADS: ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

The Road Maintenance Strategy, for the Oshikoto, Ohangwena, Oshana and Omusati Regions should be based on the portioning of the Study Area into manageable sized Routine Maintenance Units, notably Grader Units for conventionally built roads and other Maintenance Units (Road Maintenance Units (RMU)) for Labour Based built roads, using towed grading during the wet season and tyre dragging during the dry season. Each unit should be responsible for between 120 and 160 km of earth and gravel roads. The defined maintenance areas can be properly planned, budgeted for, and the implementation can be monitored closely by the Roads Authority according to the approved work plans and quality control according to the "Roads Authority: Contract No RA/MC-MRP/01-2002: Construction and Maintenance of Roads in Namibia". One of the main purposes of the Maintenance Strategy is to ensure that, through proper execution of planned routine maintenance activities, the road network in the Study Area is kept in a good trafficable condition throughout the year and that the useful life of the road is extended until periodic maintenance (regravelling) will be required.

The Road Maintenance Unit (RMU) is the core element of the maintenance system. The RMU comprises of trained core staff of the RCC and casual labour who along with the necessary equipment and material resources operate from a centrally located base camp within the Maintenance Unit Area (See Section 4.4: Maintenance Strategies for Labour Based Built Roads). The size of the Maintenance Unit Area depends on the length of the road network that can be maintained by a motor grader (GU) or alternatively by an agricultural tractor, which is the key item of equipment required for towed grading, tyre dragging and transport the labour and material. The length is between 120 km and 160 km of road, depending on traffic loads, materials and terrain.

6.1.1 OSHIKOTO REGION

The summarised recommendations for the unpaved roads in the Oshikoto Region can be found in table 39:

TABLE 39: SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS: UNPAVED ROADS: OSHIKOTO REGION

Road No.	District	Start-End Km	Stations	EAADT	SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS
D2863	Tsumeb	29,4 33,3	(Kombat)-Reg.Border-D3022	35	Road is maintained by Otjozondjupa Region
D3001	Tsumeb	0,0 19,0	T0110 (south of Oshivelo)-D3004	7	Maintenance level of grading every third week has to be reduced to six times per year
D3001	Tsumeb	19,0 40,7	D3004-D3007	7	Maintenance level of grading every third week has to be reduced to six times per year
D3001	Tsumeb	40,7 58,4	D3007-D3047	7	Maintenance level of grading every third week has to be reduced to six times per year
D3001	Tsumeb	58,4 79,6	D3047-M0075 (south Tsintsabis)	7	Maintenance level of grading every third week has to be reduced to six times per year
D3003	Tsumeb	0,0 27,8	T0110-D3028	5	Maintenance level of grading every three months has to be reduced to two times per year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3004	Tsumeb	0,0 20,9	T0110-D3001	4	Maintenance level of grading every three months has to be reduced to two times per year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3007	Tsumeb	0,0 54,4	T0110 (north of Tsumeb)-D3001	8	Maintenance level is appropriate
D3016	Tsumeb	0,0 18,1	M0075 (Tsintsabis)-D3017	4	Maintenance level of grading every three months has to be reduced to two times per year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3016	Tsumeb	18,1 25,0	D3017-Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)	4	Maintenance level of grading every three months has to be reduced to two times per year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3017	Tsumeb	39,3 53,6	(Abenab)-Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)-D3016	15	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 4 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Shrubs on the shoulders should be removed
D3021	Tsumeb	0,0 14,5	M0072-Reg.Border-(Otjozondjupa)	6	Road is maintained by Otjozondjupa Region
D3022	Tsumeb	13,4 27,2	(M0072)-Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)-D2863	25	Road is maintained by Otjozondjupa Region
D3022	Tsumeb	27.2 41,4	D2863-Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)-(T0082)	25	Road is maintained by Otjozondjupa Region
D3025	Tsumeb	0,0 47,8	D3028- Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)	1	Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered (Is in the process to be deproclaimed as a district road)
D3028	Tsumeb	64,0 90,7	(Otavi)-Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)-D3025	3	Maintenance level of grading every three months has to be reduced to once a year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3028	Tsumeb	90,7 93,3	D3025-D3003	3	Maintenance level of grading every three months has to be reduced to once a year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3028	Tsumeb	93,3 113,0	D3003-M0084	3	Maintenance level of grading every three months has to be reduced to once a year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3031	Tsumeb	48,3 56,4	(Otavi)-Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)-D3022	5	Road is maintained by Otjozondjupa Region
D3039	Tsumeb	0,0 20,6	M0075-Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)	2	Maintenance level of grading every three months has to be reduced to once a year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3043	Tsumeb	0,0 19,4	T0110-D3031	13	Maintenance level of grading every two weeks has to be reduced to 12 times per year.
D3043	Tsumeb	19,4 24,1	D3031- Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)-(D3028)	13	Maintenance level of grading every two weeks has to be reduced to 12 times per year.
D3047	Tsumeb	0,0 42,5	M0075 (north of Tsumeb)-D3001 (west of Tsintsabis)	4	Maintenance level of grading every fifth week has to be reduced to twice a year. Proclamation to a Farm Road has to be considered
D3600	Tsumeb	0,0 13,3	M0075/D3016 (Tsintsabis)-Reg.Border (Ohangwena)	2	Has to be constructed according to the priorities of the revised Ovamboland Road Master Plan
D3602	Tsumeb	50.6 57,3	Reg.Border (Ohangwena)-D3603 (Okankolo)	37	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 15 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3603	Tsumeb	0,0 31,2	T0111 (Onathinge)-D3602 (Okankolo)	59	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 15 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3603 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3603	Tsumeb	31,2 40,4	D3602 (Okankolo)-D3631	59	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 15 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3603 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3603	Tsumeb	40,4 91,9	D3631-D3630 (Ohumbula)	4	Has to be constructed according to the priorities of the revised Ovamboland Road Master Plan
D3603	Tsumeb	91,9 132,9	D3630 (Ohumbula) -Reg.Border (Ohangwena)-(Okongo)	4	Has to be constructed according to the priorities of the revised Ovamboland Road Master Plan
D3606	Tsumeb	6,7 11,1	Reg.Border (Oshana)-D3629 (west of Olukonda)	16	Traffic counts to be verified. Re-gravelling is recommended and maintenance by appropriate L.B. maintenance techniques based on community participation have to be sustained. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is regarded too high for an AADT=16 (table 22). Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3606 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3625	Tsumeb	24,7 31,1	Reg.Border (Ohangwena) –Begin of Seal	19	Traffic counts to be verified. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is possibly too high for an AADT=19 (table 22).
D3625	Tsumeb	31,1 31,4	Begin of Seal- M0121 (east of Oshigambo)	19	Traffic counts to be verified. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is possibly too high for an AADT=19 (table 22).
D3629	Tsumeb	0,0 3,4	T0111 (Onethindi)-D3606 (Olukonda)	31	Traffic counts to be verified. With a possible traffic load of AADT> 100 this section has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as top priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient.
D3629	Tsumeb	3,4 5,8	D3606 (Olukonda)-Okaloko	22	Re-gravelling is recommended and maintenance by appropriate L.B. maintenance techniques based on community participation have to be sustained. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is regarded too high for an AADT=16 (table 22). Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3629 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3630	Tsumeb	0,0 13,1	T0111 (Onyati)-D3631 (Onyuulaye)	34	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 24 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3630	Tsumeb	13,1 80,0	D3631 (Onyuulaye)-D3603 (Ohumbula	9	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 24 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained because it can be expected that with the completion of the construction the traffic will increase.
D3631	Tsumeb	0,0 20,5	D3603 (east of Okankolo)-D3630 (Onyuulaye)	10	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 24 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained because it can be expected that the traffic will increase.
M0075	Tsumeb	11,6 21,2	End of seal-D3047	79	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 24 times per year (table 22) is presently appropriate. Medium term paving has to be considered if M0075 reaches an AADT of between 100 and 120 (table 29).
M0075	Tsumeb	21,2 27,9	D3047-D3039	79	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 24 times per year (table 22) is presently appropriate. Medium term paving has to be considered if M0075 reaches an AADT of between 100 and 120 (table 29).
M0075	Tsumeb	27,9 61,1	D3039-D3001	79	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 24 times per year (table 22) is presently appropriate. Medium term paving has to be considered if M0075 reaches an AADT of between 100 and 120 (table 29).
M0075	Tsumeb	61,1 65,0	D3001-D3016 (Tsintsabis)	79	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 24 times per year (table 22) is presently appropriate. Medium term paving has to be considered if M0075 reaches an AADT of between 100 and 120 (table 29).
M0075	Tsumeb	65,0 65,2	D3016 (Tsintsabis)-D3600	79	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 24 times per year (table 22) is presently appropriate. Medium term paving has to be considered if M0075 reaches an AADT of between 100 and 120 (table 29).
M0121	Tsumeb	21,6 23,4	End of Seal-Reg.Border (Ohangwena)	525	With a traffic load of AADT> 500 this section has to be urgently upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer (or even higher) as a short to medium term priority (L.B. construction). E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.

TABLE 40: SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS: UNPAVED ROADS: OSHANA REGION

Road No.	District	Start-End Km	Stations	EAADT	SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS
D3605	Ondangwa	1,6 12,8	End of Paved Section-End of built road (Uukwiyo)	18	Traffic counts to be verified. Re-gravelling is recommended and maintenance by appropriate L.B. maintenance techniques have to be sustained. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is regarded too high for an AADT=18 (table 22). Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3605 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3605	Ondangwa	12,8 66,5	End of built road (Uukwiyo)-Dist.Border (Oshakati)	18	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
D3606	Ondangwa	0,0 4,3	D3605-approx. Oluno prison (verify distance)	15	Traffic counts to be verified. Re-gravelling is recommended and maintenance by appropriate L.B. maintenance techniques have to be sustained. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is regarded too high for an AADT=16 (table 22). Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3606 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3606	Ondangwa	4,3 6,7	Approx. Oluno prison-Reg.Border (Oshikoto)-(Olukonda) (verify distance)	16	Traffic counts to be verified. Re-gravelling is recommended and maintenance by appropriate L.B. maintenance techniques have to be sustained. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is regarded too high for an AADT=16 (table 22). Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3606 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3636	Ondangwa	0,0 8,9	M0092 (Okaku)-Dist.Border (Oshakati)	47	Is currently under construction. Appropriate community based L.B. maintenance techniques have to be maintained by appropriately trained community casual work force.
D3637	Ondangwa	0,0 17,6	M0092 (Okapya)-D3638 (Ohalushu)	20	Is currently under construction. Appropriate community based L.B. maintenance techniques have to be maintained by appropriately trained community casual work force.
D3638	Ondangwa	10,2 13,1	(Ongha)-Reg.Border (Ohangwena)-D3637 (Ohalushu)	10	Is currently under construction. Appropriate community based L.B. maintenance techniques have to be maintained by appropriately trained community casual work force.
D3638	Ondangwa	13,1 25,9	D3637 (Ohalushu)-Dist.Border (Oshakati)	10	Is currently under construction. Appropriate community based L.B. maintenance techniques have to be maintained by appropriately trained community casual work force.
D3605	Oshakati	66,5 90,8	Dist.Border (Ondangwa)-Reg.Border (Omusati)	18	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
D3607	Oshakati	0,0 14,8	M0092 (Oshakati)-Ompundja	23	Traffic counts to be verified. Re-gravelling is recommended and maintenance by appropriate L.B. maintenance techniques have to be sustained. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is regarded appropriate for an AADT=23 (table 22). Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3607 reaches an AADT of 70 (the section in the municipal area of Oshakati should be paved as a priority) .
D3609	Oshakati	0,0 10,7	M0092 (west of Oshakati)-Reg.Border (Ohangwena)-(west of Ongenga)	50	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3609 to Omungwelume reaches an AADT of 70.
D3636	Oshakati	8,9 24,5	Dist.Border (Ondangwa)- Onakamwandi	47	Is currently under construction. Appropriate community based L.B. maintenance techniques have to be maintained by appropriately trained community casual work force.
D3638	Oshakati	25,9 30,3	Dist.Border (Ondangwa)-M0092 (Eko)	10	Is currently under construction. Appropriate community based L.B. maintenance techniques have to be maintained by appropriately trained community casual work force.
D3647	Oshakati	0,0 � 10,0	M0120 (Ombwata- Reg.Border (Ohangwena)-(Ongenga)		Not built as yet To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.	See photo 034
M0120	Oshakati	6,3 11,8	(M0092)-(End of Seal at Oshana Okatana)-Reg.Border (Ohangwena)	72	With a traffic load of AADT> 70 this section of M0120 has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short to medium term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.

6.1.3 OHANGWENA REGION

The summarised recommendations for the unpaved roads in the Ohangwena Region can be found in table 41:

TABLE 41: SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS: UNPAVED ROADS: OHANGWENA REGION

Road No.	District	Start-End Km	Stations	EAADT	SUMMARISED RECOMMENDTIONS
D3600	Eenhana	113,3 128,4	Reg.Border (Oshikoto)-M0110	5	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
D3602	Eenhana	0,0 3,5	Elundu-M0110	37	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 15 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3602	Eenhana	3,5 50,6	M0110-Reg.Border (Oshikoto)-(Okankolo)	37	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 15 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3603	Eenhana	132,9 153,1	Reg.Border (Oshikoto)-M0110 (Okongo)	4	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
D3604	Eenhana	0,0 11,7	MR121-Uukango	3	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
D3608	Eenhana	3,5 29,1	End of Seal (Engela)-Ongenga-D3609	38	Traffic counts to be verified. The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3608 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3608	Eenhana	29,1 35,3	D3609-Reg.Border (Omusati)	50	Traffic counts to be verified. The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3608 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3609	Eenhana	24,8 36,9	(Oshakati)-Reg.Border (Oshana)-D3608	50	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3624	Eenhana	0,0 14,6	M0110 (14,5 km east of Elundu Junction)-End of Road	14	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 12 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3625	Eenhana	0,0 24,7	M0110 (18,7 km east of Omafo)-Reg.Border (Oshikoto)-(Oshigambo)	15	Traffic counts to be verified. A blading frequency of 24 times per year is possibly too high for an AADT=15 (table 22).
D3638	Eenhana	0,0 10,2	T0111 (Ongha)-Reg.Border (Oshana)	6	Is currently under construction. Appropriate community based L.B. maintenance techniques have to be maintained by appropriately trained community casual work force.
D3639	Eenhana	0,0 24,4	T0111 (north of Junction with D3608: south of Oshikango)-M0110 (Junction with D3625)	190	Is on the programme to be constructed by L.B. construction means. Is currently under construction. Appropriate community based L.B. maintenance techniques have to be maintained by appropriately trained community casual work force after completion of the project. Traffic load is so high that a dust-free gravel road (light seal) or even a full scale paced road has to be considered in order to optimise road user and road owner costs.
D3647	Oshakati	� 10,0 � 31,5	Reg.Border (Ohangwena)-D3608 (Ongenga)		Not built as yet To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
M0110	Eenhana	71,9 86,4	End of Seal (D3602: Elundu Junction)-D3624	50	With a traffic load of AADT> 130 this section of M0110 has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.
M0110	Eenhana	86,4 124,1	D3624-D3603 (Okongo)	50	With a traffic load of AADT> 130 this section of M0110 has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.
M0110	Eenhana	124,1 204,6	D3603 (Okongo)-D3600	50	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 26 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of M0110 reaches an AADT of 70.
M0110	Eenhana	204,6 208,8	D3600-Reg.Border (Kavango)	50	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 26 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of M0110 reaches an AADT of 70.
M0120	Eenhana	11,8 22,7	Reg.Border (Oshana)-Endola	72	With a traffic load of AADT> 70 this section has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short to medium term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.
M0120	Eenhana	22,7 42,5	Endola-T0111 (Omafo)	72	This section of M0120 has to be built as a top priority in the first instance. With a traffic load of AADT> 70 this section has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short to medium term priorityE.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.
M0121	Eenhana	23.4 39,0	Reg.Border (Oshikoto)-D3604	82	With a traffic load of AADT> 80 this section has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short to medium term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.
M0121	Eenhana	39,0 67,3	D3604-M0110 (Eenhana)	82	With a traffic load of AADT> 80 this section has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short to medium term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.

6.1.4 OMUSATI REGION

The summarised recommendations for the unpaved roads in the Omusati Region can be found in table 410:

TABLE 42: SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS: UNPAVED ROADS: OMUSATI REGION

Road No.	District	Start-End Km	Stations	EAADT	SUMMARISED RECOMMENDTIONS
D3605	Outapi	90,8 225,1	Reg.Border (Oshana)-M0067 (Otjondeka)	19	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
D3608	Outapi	35,3 60,1	Reg.Border (Ohangwena)-D3611 (Okalongo)	40	Traffic counts to be verified. The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3608 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3608	Outapi	60,1 99,1	D3611 (Okalongo)-Anamulenge-M0092 (Outapi)	10	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 26 times per year is possibly too high and should be adopted in accordance of table 22.
D3609	Outapi	10,7 24,8	Reg. Border (Oshana)-Reg.Border (Ohangwena)	50	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3611	Outapi	5,5 28,8	(M0092 (Oshikuku)-End of Seal-D3608 (Okalongo)	57	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if the section of D3611 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3615	Outapi	0,0 15,8	M0092 (Oshikuku)-M0111	38	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3616	Outapi	0,0 20,0	M0092 (west of Mahenene)-D3617 (Onesi)	47	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained. Medium term paving has to be considered if this section of D3616 reaches an AADT of 70.
D3616	Outapi	20,0 47,8	D3617 (Onesi)-M0123 (Tsandi)	41	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained
D3617	Outapi	0.0 43,5	M0067- D3616 (Onesi)	20	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 12 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained
D3618	Outapi	4,6 23,1	Ruacana Town (End of Seal)-Reg.Border (Kunene)-(D3700)	5	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
D3619	Outapi	0,0 14,0	M0111-Onaanda	20	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 26 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3626	Outapi	0.0 13,9	M0111-Etilyasa	13	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 15 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3627	Outapi	0,0 6,2	M0092-Angola Border	49	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 52 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3628	Outapi	0,0 1,7	M0092-Angola Border (Ruacana)		This international link to Angola needs urgent attention. It is paved to NamPower Transmission Station at Ruacana (the pavement needs only Routine Maintenance). The last 0,65 km to the border post were not constructed and should be paved.
D3633	Outapi	0,0 21,6	D3612 (Tsandi)-Omugulu-gOmbashe	22	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 15 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3635	Outapi	0,0 14,3	M0111 (Okahao)-Amwaanda	10	The Routine Maintenance and blading frequency of 15 times per year (table 22) is appropriate and should be sustained.
D3700	Outapi	0,0 2,1	M0092 (Ruacana)-Reg.Border (Kunene)	42	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
M0067	Outapi	211,0 233,8	Reg.Border (Kunene)-Werda Gate	113	With a traffic load of AADT> 110 this section has to be upgraded to an appropriate paved standard as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is currently sufficient.
M0067	Outapi	233,8 255,6	Werda Gate-Kowares	113	With a traffic load of AADT> 110 this section has to be upgraded to an appropriate paved standard as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is currently sufficient.
M0067	Outapi	255,6 293,5	Kowares-D3709	113	With a traffic load of AADT> 110 this section has to be upgraded to an appropriate paved standard as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is currently sufficient.
M0067	Outapi	293,5 297,5	D3709-D3605 (Otjondeka)	113	With a traffic load of AADT> 110 this section has to be upgraded to an appropriate paved standard as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is currently sufficient.
M0067	Outapi	297,5 358,9	D3605 (Otjondeka)-M0100/M0122	113	With a traffic load of AADT> 110 this section has to be upgraded to an appropriate paved standard as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is currently sufficient.
M0067	Outapi	358,9 379,1	M0100/M0122-Reg.Border (Kunene)	113	With a traffic load of AADT> 110 this section has to be upgraded to an appropriate paved standard as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is currently sufficient.
M0067	Outapi	379,1 418,3	Reg.Border (Kunene)-D3617	113	With a traffic load of AADT> 110 this section has to be upgraded to an appropriate paved standard as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is currently sufficient.
M0067	Outapi	418,3 443,6	D3617-M0092	113	With a traffic load of AADT> 110 this section has to be upgraded to an appropriate paved standard as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is currently sufficient.
M0122	Outapi	0,0 95,2	M0067-M0111 (Okahao)	55	To be constructed according to the recommendations of the Masterplan.
M0123	Outapi	0,0 30,3	M0092 (Outapi)-D3616 (Tsandi)	144	With a traffic load of AADT> 140 this section of M0123 has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.
M0123	Outapi	30,3 31,1	D3616 (Tsandi)-D3633 (Tsandi)	95	With a traffic load of AADT> 90 this section of M0123 has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.
M0123	Outapi	31,1 55,2	D3633 (Tsandi)-M0111/M0122 (Okahao)	95	With a traffic load of AADT> 90 this section of M0123 has to be upgraded to a paved single surfacing layer as a short term priority. E.Q. blading with a blading frequency of 52 times (table 22) per year is not sufficient. Under the peculiar existing wearing course material’s situation re-gravelling will not result in a stable maintenance level and valuable basecourse and subbase materials will be wasted.

6.2 PAVED ROADS

6.2.1 OSHIKOTO REGION

The summarised recommendations for the paved roads in the Oshikoto Region can be found in table 43:

TABLE 43: SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS: PAVED ROADS: OSHIKOTO REGION

Road No.	District	Start-End Km	Stations	EAADT	SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS
M0072	Tsumeb	33,4 42,9	Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)-D3021	470	The pavement is generally in a good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied. Basecourse repairs where necessary and a early rejuvenation is indicated.
M0072	Tsumeb	42,9 55,8	D3021-T0109-T0110 (Tsumeb)	470	The pavement is generally in a good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied. Basecourse repairs where necessary and a early rejuvenation is indicated.
M0075	Tsumeb	0,0 3,9	TR0109-T0110-M0072 (Tsumeb)-Tsumeb	410	The pavement is generally in a good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied. Basecourse repairs where necessary and a early rejuvenation is indicated.
M0075	Tsumeb	3,9 4,3	Tsumeb-Railway Level Crossing	410	The pavement is generally in a good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied. Basecourse repairs where necessary and a early rejuvenation is indicated.
M0075	Tsumeb	4,3 11,6	Railway Level Crossing -End of Seal	410	The pavement is generally in a good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied. Basecourse repairs where necessary and a early rejuvenation is indicated.
M0084	Tsumeb	0,0 5,8	T0110-D3028	120	The pavement is generally in a good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0084	Tsumeb	5,8 24,6	D3028-Von Lindequist Gate: Etosha	100	The pavement is generally in a good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0084	Tsumeb	24,6 35,5	Von Lindequist Gate: Etosha- Namutoni Rest Camp	100	The pavement is generally in a good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0121	Tsumeb	0,0 20,4	T0111 (Onathindi)-Onandjokwe-D3625 (Oshigambo)	3 735	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied. Concrete edging has to be provided in populated areas.Concrete edging has to be provided in populated areas.
M0121	Tsumeb	20,4 21,6	D3625 (Oshigambo)-End of Seal	3 735	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied. Concrete edging has to be provided in populated areas.
T0109	Tsumeb	33,8 61,3	(Otavi)-Reg.Border (Otjozondjupa)-Carriageway Change	735	T0109 shows signs of layered pavement distress in places and has to be rehabilitated as a short term priority. The trunk road also has to be widened to a pavement width of 8,0 m.
T0109	Tsumeb	61,3 61,9	Carriageway Change-T0110-M0072/M0075 (Tsumeb Intersection)	735	T0109 shows signs of layered pavement distress in places and has to be rehabilitated as a short term priority. The trunk road also has to be widened to a pavement width of 8,0 m.
T0110	Tsumeb	0,0 6,5	T0109/M0072 (Tsumeb Intersection)-Old M0083 (Access Road to Tsumeb)	780	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0110	Tsumeb	6,5 9,7	Old M0083-D3007	780	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0110	Tsumeb	9,7 25,7	D3007-D3043	710	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0110	Tsumeb	25,7 39,4	D3043-D3003	710	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0110	Tsumeb	39,4 61,0	D3003-D3004	710	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0110	Tsumeb	61.0 75,5	D3004-M0084	710	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0110	Tsumeb	75,5 84,0	M0084-D3001	710	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0110	Tsumeb	84,0 94,8	D3001-Oshivelo	710	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0111	Tsumeb	0,0 92,2	Oshivelo-D3603	710	T0111 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0111	Tsumeb	92,2 126,0	D3630 (Onyati)-D3603	880	T0111 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0111	Tsumeb	126,0 146,9	D3603- M0121 (Onathindi)	1 080	T0111 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0111	Tsumeb	146,9 147,3	M0121 (Onathindi)-D3629	1 380	T0111 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0111	Tsumeb	147,3 150,8	D3629-Reg.Border (Oshana) (southwest of Ondangwa)	2 200	T0111 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.

6.2.2 OSHANA REGION

The summarised recommendations for the paved roads in the Oshana Region can be found in table 44:

TABLE 44: SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS: PAVED ROADS: OSHANA REGION

Road No.	District	Start-End Km	Stations	EAADT	SUMMARISED RECOMMENDTIONS
D3605	Ondangwa	0,0 1,2 * measured: 1,6 km	T0111 (Oluno)-End of Paved Section	18	The pavement was constructed by the Ondangwa City Council. This section of D3605 has to be deproclaimed.
M0092	Ondangwa	0,0 4,2	T0111 (Ondangwa)-D3636	3 700	M0092 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Ondangwa	4,2 11,1	D3636-D3637	3 700	M0092 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Ondangwa	11,1 18,1	D3637-Dist.Border (Oshakati)	3 700	M0092 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0111	Ondangwa	150,8 151,8	Reg.Border (Oshikoto)-D3605	1 580	T0111 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0111	Ondangwa	151,8 155,2	D3605-M0092 (Ondangwa)	1 510	T0111 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
T0111	Ondangwa	155,2 182,8	M0092 (Ondangwa)-Reg.Border (Ohangwena)	1 450	Under design to be rehabilitated. Special attention has to be given to concrete edging in order to protect the pavement edges.
M0092	Oshakati	18,1 22,0	Dist.border (Ondangwa)-D3638	3 700	M0092 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Oshakati	22,0 32,7	D3638-D3607 (Oshakati)	3 700	M0092 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Oshakati	32,7 34,5	D3607 (Oshakati)-M0111 (Oshakati)	1 755	M0092 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Oshakati	34,5 34,7	M0111 (Oshakati)-M0120 (Oshakati)	1 755	M0092 was recently rehabilitated and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Oshakati	34,7 36,4	M0120 (Oshakati)-D3609	1 755	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Oshakati	36,4 48,0	D3609- Reg.Border (Omusati)	300	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0111	Oshakati	0,0 18,8	M0092 (Oshakati)-Reg.Border (Omusati)	790	M0111 needs urgent attention as far the missing concrete edges are concerned. The pavement is in danger to be lost at many places. Many road signs and guide stones at structures were stolen or destroyed.
M0120	Oshakati	0,0 6,3	M0092 (Oshakati)-End of Seal (Oshana Okatana)	1 010	The pavement is in reasonable shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.

6.2.3 OHANGWENA REGION

The summarised recommendations for the paved roads in the Ohangwena Region can be found in table 45:

TABLE 45: SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS: PAVED ROADS: OHANGWENA REGION

Road No.	District	Start-End Km	Stations	EAADT	SUMMARISED RECOMMENDTIONS
D3608	Eenhana	0,0 3,5	T0111-Engela (End of Seal)	38	The pavement needs urgent attention (many cracks). Concrete edging has to be provided in order to protect the pavement.
M0110	Eenhana	0,0 18,7	T0111 (Omafo)-D3625/D3639	333	The pavement is in good order but concrete edges have to be provided at many places, especially where settlements exist along the road.
M0110	Eenhana	18,7 46,7	D3625/D3639-M0121 (Eenhana)	333	The pavement is in good order but concrete edges have to be provided at many places, especially where
M0110	Eenhana	46,7 71,9	M0121 (Eenhana)-D3602 (Elundu Junction)	220	The pavement is in good order but concrete edges have to be provided at many places, especially where
T0111	Eenhana	182,8 189,4	Reg.Border (Oshana)-D3638 (Ongha)	1 480	Under design to be rehabilitated. Special attention has to be given to concrete edging in order to protect the pavement edges.
T0111	Eenhana	189,4 205,8	D3638 (Ongha)-M0110 (Ohangwena)	1 480	Under design to be rehabilitated. Special attention has to be given to concrete edging in order to protect the pavement edges.
T0111	Eenhana	205,8 208,8	M0110 (Ohangwena)-M0120	1 440	Under design to be rehabilitated. Special attention has to be given to concrete edging in order to protect the pavement edges.
T0111	Eenhana	208,8 211,2	M0120-D3608 (Omafo)	1 450	Under design to be rehabilitated. Special attention has to be given to concrete edging in order to protect the pavement edges.
T0111	Eenhana	211,2 215,0	D3608 (Omafo)-Oshikango (Angola Border)	1 480	Under design to be rehabilitated. Special attention has to be given to concrete edging in order to protect the pavement edges.

6.2.4 OMUSATI REGION

The summarised recommendations for the paved roads in the Omusati Region can be found in table 46:

TABLE 46: SUMMARISED RECOMMENDATIONS: PAVED ROADS: OMUSATI REGION

Road No.	District	Start-End Km	Stations	EAADT	SUMMARISED RECOMMENDTIONS
D3611	Outapi	0,0 5,5	M0092 (Oshikuku)-End of Seal	57	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
D3618	Outapi	0,0 4,6	M0067-Ruacana Town (End of Seal)	2 (?)	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
D3621	Outapi	0,0 2,6	M0092-Olifa (end of Seal)	100	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
D3623	Outapi	0,0 1,6	M0092 (between Oshikuku and Outapi)-Road End	60	The pavement needs urgent attention (potholes) and should be resealed as short term priority. Concrete edging in order to protect the pavement edges should be provided. The destroyed guard rails must be replaced.
M0092	Outapi	48,0 54,8	Reg.Border (Oshana)-Elim	339	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	54,8 60,8	Elim-Oshikuku	339	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	60,8 64,4	Oshikuku-D3615	339	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	64,4 65,4	D3615-D3611	339	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	65,4 92,5	D3611-D3623	339	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	92,5 122,3	D3623-D3608 (Anamulenge Access)	339	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	122,3 122,7	D3608 (Anamulenge Access)-M0123 (Outapi)	339	Concrete edging was recently completed and a reseal applied. Pavement is in fair shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	122,7 161,9	M0123 (Outapi)-Olupaka-Mahenene-D3616	339	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied. Concrete edging in order to protect the pavement edges should be provided to the Mahenene intersection.
M0092	Outapi	161,9 164,7	D3616-D3627 (Calueque-Mahenene Border Post)	339	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	164,7 183,3	D3627 (Calueque-Mahenene Border Post) –D3621 (Olifa Access)	3 700	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	183,3 186,6	D3621 (Olifa Access)-M0067	80	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	186,6 191,9	M0067-Ruacana Town Access	60	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	191,9 194,7	Ruacana Town Access -D3618	60	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	194,7 207,7	D3618-D3628 (Access to Ruacana Falls and Angola Border Post at Ruacana)	40	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0092	Outapi	207,7 208,0	D3628 (Access to Ruacana Falls and Angola Border Post at Ruacana)-End of Seal (Hippo Pool)(Start of D3700)	25	The pavement is in good shape and Routine Maintenance has to be applied.
M0111	Outapi	18,8 23,3	Reg.Border (Oshana)-D3613	790	M0111 needs urgent attention as far the missing concrete edges are concerned. The pavement is in danger to be lost at many places. Many road signs and guide stones at structures were stolen or destroyed.
M0111	Outapi	23,3 38,2	D3613-D3619	790	M0111 needs urgent attention as far the missing concrete edges are concerned. The pavement is in danger to be lost at many places. Many road signs and guide stones at structures were stolen or destroyed.
M0111	Outapi	38,2 69,4	D3619-D3626 (Okahao)	790	M0111 needs urgent attention as far the missing concrete edges are concerned. The pavement is in danger to be lost at many places. Many road signs and guide stones at structures were stolen or destroyed.
M0111	Outapi	69,4 70,2	D3626 (Okahao)-D3635 (Okahao)	790	M0111 needs urgent attention as far the missing concrete edges are concerned. The pavement is in danger to be lost at many places. Many road signs and guide stones at structures were stolen or destroyed.
M0111	Outapi	70,2 70,8	D3635 (Okahao)-M0122 (Okahao)	790	M0111 needs urgent attention as far the missing concrete edges are concerned. The pavement is in danger to be lost at many places. Many road signs and guide stones at structures were stolen or destroyed.
M0111	Outapi	70,8 71,3	M0122 (Okahao)-M0123 (Okahao)	790	M0111 needs urgent attention as far the missing concrete edges are concerned. The pavement is in danger to be lost at many places. Many road signs and guide stones at structures were stolen or destroyed.

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